姓名变更规范研究

姓名变更是重要的人格自由利益,亦是姓名权的重要内容。姓名变更应区分为姓的变更和名的变更,并建立不同的规制模式。称姓选择限于家庭关系,从父姓还是从母姓,原则上坚持父母意见一致,例外则依法考量子女成长利益的最大化。第三姓原则上应被禁止,仅于特殊情形方可为之。对于名的更改,应以维护人之尊严与自由为判断基准,并采改名从宽原则;更名事由在立法上以“列举+一般条款”为模式,为解释者提供操作空间,同时强调更名之规范性与适当性。对于姓名变更的主体,18周岁以上由本人行使,18周岁以下亦不应绝对否定本人之更改权利。对于姓名变更之次数,原则上姓为一次名为两次,特殊情况下允许突破次数限制,但应从严界定特殊情形。     

我国部门货币及其发行的法律规制——兼评《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》

部门货币是指非银行部门通过各类储值卡的销售获得的资金。部门货币在我国经济生活中已经广泛存在,在促进经济发展的同时也造成了一些问题。《非金融机构支付服务管理办法》及其细则和《关于规范商业预付卡管理的意见》虽然对其进行了部分规范,但还很不完善,我们应当重视部门货币可能引起的金融风险问题。     

警醒刑法学中的过度类型化思维

在刑法学中,类型化思维本来是必要的。但是,轻视乃至无视概念式思维容易形成过度类型化思维。刑法学中的过度类型化思维模糊事物的质的区别或事物的界限,而倡导以“量”的过渡来认定事物的类型。刑法学中的过度类型化思维在容易助长过度司法能动主义之中而有着破坏罪刑法定原则和危及刑事法治和整个法治之险。因此,在刑法学中,过度类型化思维需要概念式思维予以节制,以达成概念式思维和类型化思维的并重,从而更好地助益于刑事法治和整个法治。     

Alternative action organizations across different welfare and third sector regimes during hard economic times

ABSTRACT

Since 2008, the international economic and financial crisis has been affecting the living and working conditions of European citizens in different ways and scope. Yet, the pattern is of rising unemployment, social deprivation and poverty, cuts in health, education and social security budgets. These negative socio-economic conditions have led to major transformations in collective responses, which, among others, take place through Alternative Action Organisations (AAOs). The specific organizations carry out non-mainstream activities that primarily target the economic and the social well-being of citizens, including their basic needs, health and lifestyles. Using quantitative data from the LIVEWHAT project and drawing on social origins theory and resource mobilization theory, the article investigates AAOs’ main characteristics across four European countries that have been differently affected from the recent recession as well as belong to different welfare state and third sector regimes, including Germany, Greece, Sweden and Poland. The findings stress the importance of considering the particular combinations of the welfare state and third sector regimes as well as the severity of the experienced economic crisis in understating the variation in AAOs’ main features under a comparative perspective.     

Rethinking the epistemic case against epistocracy

ABSTRACT

In this article, I focus on arguments which suggest that disenfranchising persons on the grounds of incompetence is likely to produce epistemically sub-optimal decisions. I suggest three ways in which such arguments can be strengthened. First, I argue that they can be untethered from the controversial ‘best judge’ principle, according to which each person is the best judge of his or her own interests. Second, I suggest that epistemic arguments against epistocracy are currently insensitive to the nature of the groups that would be excluded on the grounds of incompetence. Such arguments would remain unchanged were epistocracy to disenfranchise privileged persons rather than already disadvantaged persons. I argue that a stronger critique of epistocracy ought to focus on distinctive epistemic obstacles faced by socially privileged persons. Third, I argue that current epistemic critics of epistocracy ignore how its basis for exclusion entails consequences that are relevant to our assessment of its justifiability. Their criticisms would, for instance, remain the same had this exclusion been brought about in a random manner. Instead, I emphasise the deliberative costs that follow from the exclusion of disadvantaged groups qua incompetent.     

Revolutions: a twenty-first-century perspective

Abstract

We held the ‘Revolutions’ conference in 2017 to commemorate the Russian Revolution and redeem the actual record of revolutions in the Third World for the left. A quarter-century after the demise of the USSR, we found liberal capitalist triumphalism unwarranted. Two of the most important expectations to which it gave rise – that the world had become ‘unipolar’ and that it would enjoy a ‘peace dividend’ – remained unfulfilled. Instead, the world became multipolar and the West, led by the United States, engaged in unprecedented economic and military aggression against countries that contested its power. If this were not enough, social unrest and explosions in the First World as well as the Third underlined the relevance of revolutions. To trace their lineage, we recall capitalism’s intimate relation with revolution. It has needed revolutions to usher it into history and to usher it out. In addition to revolutions against developed capitalism, we also underline how important and necessary revolutions against nascent capitalism in various parts of the world have been. The contributions in this volume explore different parts of this lineage and vivify revolutions for our time.     

中国物权法上的登记对抗主义

登记对抗主义下的绝大多数理论构造与我国所继受的物权法的理论体系相冲突。只有权利外观说最适应我国的民法体系,也最符合我国的立法目的。依据该说,当事人间仅因意思表示即可发生完全的物权变动。但在当事人进行移转登记之前,第三人由于信赖物权尚未变动的权利外观而从事了交易行为,法律保护此种信赖,承认第三人在登记后可以取得该物权。我国法律原则上仅保护善意第三人,总体上符合效率价值。但是参考比较法和法经济学,也应该承认一些例外:侵权人等完全无权利的人、继承人、连环交易中的前手或者后手、狭义的一般债权人和特定物债权人属于绝对可对抗的第三人,即无论该第三人善意还是恶意,未登记的物权人都可以对抗之;破产债权人、扣押债权人、参与分配债权人等属于绝对不可对抗的第三人,即无论该第三人善意还是恶意,未登记的物权人都不可以对抗之。     

党的第三代领导集体对邓小平经济理论的创新和发展

本文分析了党的第三代领导集体对邓小平经济理论创新和发展的基础 ,提出了党的第三代领导集体对邓小平经济的创新和基础主要体现在 :对邓小平发展战略思想的丰富和创新 ;对邓小平改革理论的创新和发展。     

社会财富的"第三次分配"及其法律调整

以慈善捐赠事业为主要内容的"第三次分配"在促进我国财富分配的社会公平、增强社会凝聚力和构建和谐社会等方面发挥着十分重要的作用。所谓"第三次分配"是指个人或企业出于自愿,把可支配收入的一部分捐赠出去,建立社会救助、民间捐赠、慈善事业、志愿者行动等多种形式的制度和机制,以实现社会财富的重新配置。近年来,我国慈善事业虽然有了很大发展,但与国外慈善事业发达国家相比,差距仍然很大。"第三次分配"具有民间自发性,但这并不表明政府是无所作为的。政府的作用主要是通过立法加强"第三次分配"的引导,为其创造一个宽松的法制环境,这也是政府义不容辞的责任。而在加强"第三次分配"的法律引导方面,应当充分发挥包括民间法、民法、国家政策法在内的法律的协同调整作用。