唐代司法“三司”制度考论

唐代司法活动中,"三司受事"是由中书舍人、给事中、御史组成的常设上诉机构。"三司推事"是由刑部、御史台、大理寺组成接受差遣推鞠大案的临时组织。"三司受事"主要作为常设的最高上诉机构存在,必要时可以奉诏理问要案;"三司推事"自始至终是接受差遣审断重大案件的临时机构,终唐之世并未有承担上诉审职能的明确授权。     

从革命到改革到创新——兼论“三个代表”与创新

毛泽东同志革命观、邓小平同志改革观与江泽民同志创新观是中国共产党三代中央领导集体形成的各具时代特色的历史动力观,三者前后相继,坚持了历史逻辑的一致性。新的历史时期,江泽民同志创新观具有特殊历史意义,是实践“三个代表”重要思想的要求,是对马克思主义唯物史观、特别是历史动力观的发展。     

民族自治地方如何坚持执政为民——关于楚雄州贯彻“三个代表”要求，坚持执政为民的调查与思考

"三个代表"重要思想的本质是立党为公、执政为民.能否坚持立党为公、执政为民,是决定一个政党、一个政权盛衰的根本因素,直接关系我们国家的长治久安,直接关系中国特色社会主义事业.坚持立党为公,执政为民,就要一心一意谋发展.     

PROFILING AND POLICE LEGITIMACY: PROCEDURAL JUSTICE,ATTRIBUTIONS OF MOTIVE,AND ACCEPTANCE OF POLICE AUTHORITY*

This paper reports the results of four studies that investigate racial profiling as an attribution about police motives. Each study explores, first, the types of police behavior that heighten or lessen the occurrence of profiling attributions and, second, the consequences of such attributions. Results support prior studies in finding that judgments about whether the police are profiling are associated with the level of public support for the police. The studies then extend the analysis of subjective profiling judgments by examining their antecedents. The findings support the procedural justice hypothesis that the fairness with which the police exercise their authority influences whether members of the public view the police as profiling.     

THE DELINQUENCY OF CHILDREN BORN TO YOUNG MOTHERS: RESULTS FROM THE ROCHESTER YOUTH DEVELOPMENT STUDY*

This paper examines the relationship between a mother's age at first childbirth and the delinquent behavior of her children. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS), an ongoing longitudinal study of adolescent development, we found that children born to mothers who began childbearing at a young age were more prone to general delinquency, violence, and arrest than were children born to mothers who began childbearing when they were older. This “early first‐birth effect” was far larger in white and Hispanic families than in African‐American families. Mediating analyses found that the early first‐birth effect was most attributable to the unstable composition of families in which early childbearing occurs. That said, a substantial portion of the effect remains unmediated.     

论"三个代表"与人民民主专政

当前,坚持人民民主专政要求我们认真贯彻“三个代表”重要思想。要充分认识坚持人民民主专政与加强党的建设的统一性,积极推进党的思想、政治、组织、作风、制度建设。     

SEX‐BASED DISPARITIES IN FELONY DISPOSITIONS BEFORE VERSUS AFTER SENTENCING REFORM IN OHIO*

Extending Koons‐Witt's (2002) study of whether sex‐based disparities in imprisonment likelihoods changed under sentencing guidelines in Minnesota, we examined similar models for Ohio with additional analyses of felony conviction likelihoods and sentence length for 5,472 felony defendants from twenty‐four trial courts. The main effects of a defendant's sex on imprisonment were significant during both periods (unlike the Minnesota findings), consistent with a chivalry perspective. Random coefficient models revealed that these effects were similar across the twenty‐four jurisdictions. Analyses also revealed significant postguideline reductions in sentence length disparities based on a woman's race and number of dependent children, yet increased disparities in imprisonment likelihoods postguidelines based on a woman's race and whether she was convicted on drug charges. These and other findings are discussed in the context of the Ohio legislature's implementation of a sentencing scheme that retains considerably more judicial discretion relative to Minnesota's template.     

发扬“三大作风”——践行“三个代表”的重要途径

践行"三个代表"重要思想,必须通过坚持和发扬党的"三大作风"来实现.本文全面阐述了党的"三大作风"与践行"三个代表"的关系;发扬党的"三大作风"与践行"三个代表"的途径和方法;如何通过发扬"三大作风"增强践行"三个代表"的效果.     

STRICTLY LIABLE: GOVERNMENTAL USE OF THE PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP AS A BASIS FOR HOLDING VICTIMS LIABLE FOR THEIR CHILD'S WITNESS TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Studies estimate that between three and ten million children in the United States witness domestic violence annually. Although studies have demonstrated a co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse, there is no concrete evidence to support the assumption that a child's exposure to domestic violence increases the risk to the child of abuse or neglect. Recently the New York State Court of Appeals determined that a child's witness to abuse does not suffice, in and of itself, to show that removal of the child is necessary or that removal is in the “best interests” of the child. Programs which have developed alternatives to presumptive removal understand the importance of viewing the interests of the battered parent and children as being in accord with each other rather than in opposition. Private and government sponsored programs have demonstrated some success in protecting the parent‐child relationship, ensuring the safety of both parent and child, and increasing accountability of batterers while reducing the necessity for removals. Alternative programs are less costly to the state than foster care, and emotionally less costly to the families.     

两岸主要政党的"不等边三角"关系

近期以来,围绕台湾前途走向,海峡两岸三政党(大陆的共产党、台湾的国民党及台湾的民进党)的互动出现了前所未有的活跃。这三个政党是目前“两岸一中”之下鼎足而立、呈犄角之势的“三个不等边”政治势力。当前两岸的新态势,已呈现出以“红”为主导力量,“蓝”为争取盟友,“绿”为化解对象等新特点,以胡锦涛总书记为代表的中央领导集体在对台工作上提出了一系列新思路、新政策和新做法,在两岸关系上已开创了一个崭新局面。