归纳何以成为问题？

休谟提出“归纳问题”后,哲学家主要考虑如何解决这一问题。但本文不是讨论如何解决,而是追究归纳问题之所以产生的原因：归纳问题的根源在于人的存在方式本身：归纳问题的实质是一个关于时间的问题。人不能不在时间中生存,而在时间中的生存是有限的,但人在时间中的思考却指向无限。归纳问题正是有限的经验的人同无限展开的可能世界之间纠缠、紧张的产物。     

Offender as Forager? A Direct Test of the Boost Account of Victimization

Recent research has demonstrated that burglary clusters in space and time, resulting in temporal changes in crime hotspot patterns. Offender foraging behavior would yield the observed pattern. The offender as forager hypothesis is tested by analyzing patterns in two types of acquisitive crime, burglary and theft from motor vehicle (TFMV). Using a technique developed to detect disease contagion confirms that both crime types cluster in space and time as predicted, but that the space–time clustering of burglary is generally independent of that for TFMV. Police detections indicate that crimes of the same type occurring closest to each other in space and time are those most likely to be cleared to the same offender(s), as predicted. The implications of the findings for crime forecasting and crime linkage are discussed.

Windows系统中文件时间属性的变化及影响因素

目的分析Windows系统中不同因素对文件时间属性的影响,总结文件时间属性的变化规律。方法在FAT32和NTFS两种文件系统中,对文件和文件夹进行各种操作,记录其时间属性的变化情况,总结其规律并分析各种因素的影响。结果文件时间属性的更新与系统环境、操作方法、文件类型等因素有关,而且文件时间属性更新有特定的周期。结论Windows系统中文件时间属性的变化既有特定的规律,又受其它因素影响,在检验中应加以注意。     

清末巡警部创建的历史考察

20世纪初期,处在风雨飘摇之中的清政府进行了一场旨在维护其统治的"新政"改良运动,改革警政便是其内容之一,并于1905年成立了中国历史上第一个中央警务机关——巡警部,以指导全国的警政建设,这在一定程度上推动了中国警政近代化。     

“限期断狱”的中国命运:清代以来审限制度的变革与重述

审限是我国司法体系中一项重要的本土化制度。近年来,理论界对审限制度何去何从展开讨论,其历史演变成为重要依据。回溯历史,尤其是清代至今,审限制度受到了古今中西不同法律理念的冲击,历经规则变化:从清代律例中对审限制度进行详尽规定,到民国时期诉讼法典中废除审限而实践中沿用,再到20世纪80年代后立法重新确立审限制度。究其原因,在于审限制度来源自中国传统司法经验,与近现代中国提高诉讼效率的社会诉求相符合,可以保证案件进程;同时审限又是约束司法人员的重要制度--用行政责任来限制司法人员的司法权力,这也是传统中国"治吏"思想在近现代的延续。因此,审限作为一种与中国实际紧密贴合的司法制度,并非是造成今日学术界所争论的积案原因,反而是提升诉讼效率的良方。当下讨论审限制度发展,更需正视其对本土法律资源的重要意义,认识到背后"治吏"思想影响,结合法官责任制改革,从行政责任到司法责任,重新建构新时期的审限制度。     

Human Life and Human Rights: death penalty Data and sentencing Procedure during the Song Dynasty

The adjudication and amnesty system in the Song Dynasty has been thoroughly researched by academia, but the annual death penalty numbers have not been credibly determined due to insufficient and disorganized historical records. The period’s policy that no innocent person would be executed was based on the double-digit record of capital punishments for Zhenguan during the Tang Dynasty, and the execution number was adjusted accordingly. As a special procedure, Zoucai (a request for judgment) was used to reduce the death penalty numbers. The value of human life, concern about excessive execution, and trimming of the capital punishment regime resulted in conversations between the emperors and their officials about the death penalty, which allowed the law that executed capital punishments during the Song Dynasty to strike a proper balance between justice, efficiency, and mercy, while avoiding rigidity and abuse.     

马克思劳动时间观的经济伦理透析

马克思劳动时间观从现实的人出发,凝聚经济伦理内核;面向生活世界,形成经济伦理向度;通过冷峻的现实揭露,对资本主义社会进行深刻的经济伦理批判;以辩证的逻辑演绎,体现出科学的经济伦理思维;通过时空交融的探索,对劳动时间予以经济伦理认知,实现了对以往劳动时间理论的经济伦理超越,因而能够从经济生活事实中揭示资本的伦理冲突和道德形态,具有丰富的经济伦理内涵。从经济伦理角度解析马克思劳动时间观,可以揭示马克思劳动时间观所固有的属人的价值禀赋和经济伦理特质,呈现马克思劳动时间观的真实性态。     

The Temporal Dimension in Accounts of Violent Conflict: A Case Study from Darfur

This article explores the notion of time in relation to the recording of peace and conflict. In particular the article is interested in how concepts of time (linear, seasonal, vague, precise, etc.) shape the narrative of events – giving them an apparent order. A close look at the mechanics of how accounts of conflict are compiled and presented, and how time is represented within them, reveals an ambiguity and social construction of the temporal dimension in accounts of conflict. This article draws on two data sets on violence in Darfur – one quantitative, one qualitative – to investigate how time is represented, focusing on how ‘events’ are captured and produce real-time actionable data, and how the data sets cope with narratives of chronic insecurity.     

非全日制用工框架下的高职院校学生兼职权益保护

高职院校由于在人才培养上与本科院校具有较大差异,同时基于当下劳动力市场对于高素质技术技能型人才的大量需求,学生兼职已然成为一种社会现象。但相关法律却存在滞后性。按照现有规定,最有利于保护在校学生兼职权益且在理论上存在可行性的就是将在校学生纳入非全日制用工范畴,但法律的不健全导致司法实践中还有诸多难题有待解决。故不断完善相关立法,明确在校学生的劳动者主体资格,规定在校学生在兼职中的权利与义务,才是解决问题的有效途径。     

Elizabeth and Her Mountain Garden

Abstract

In this essay the author suggests that Elizabeth von Arnim’s anonymous novel In the Mountains (1920) can be regarded as a modernist work, and is best understood in this context. The author indicates why von Arnim was intellectually and spiritually ready to develop her writing along these lines in the post-First World War era. This novel, like von Arnim’s early works—Elizabeth and Her German Garden (1898) and The Solitary Summer (1899 Arnim, Elizabeth von (1899), The Solitary Summer, London: Macmillan. [Google Scholar])—is written in the form of a journal; the title, also like those of her early works, points to a symbolic setting derived from nature. However, the narrator of In the Mountains no longer appears as ‘Elizabeth’, but remains mysteriously and completely anonymous. This device, together with von Arnim’s stylistically innovative use of structures and motifs derived from nature and music, as well as her manipulation of time, perception and memory, demonstrates her unique approach to modern writing in this novel, inviting comparison with contemporary works by Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield.