反对的声音:民初商会与《商会法》之争——兼论对我国社团立法的启示

民初商会作为在商业领域中具有主体性的利益集团,在袁世凯政府试图支配、控制和破坏其相对自治功能时,它坚定地发出了自己的声音,并成功瓦解了政府的这一努力。民初商会主导的《商会法》事件充分体现了这一点。     

论晚清社会变迁与遣使驻外

晚清外交适逢千古未有之变局,外力冲击日益严重,社会转型日渐剧烈,国人对近代外交的认知日加深化。随着清季社会的变迁,清廷遣使驻外经历了从最初的抵拒,到不断地变通、调适,最终与国际社会接轨的动态变化过程。本文拟对此做一系统探讨,以见晚清社会变迁于遣使驻外的助推作用。     

罚金刑的量刑空间

刑罚阶梯的内在逻辑决定了罚金刑的裁量空间应当以判决时犯罪人的现有财产为限。法官不仅应当根据犯罪情节确定罚金数额,还应参酌判决时犯罪人的财产状况,这样既可以有效避免“空判”,维护法律的威严,厘清财产刑刑罚阶梯的内在关系,又有助于未成年人罚金刑的适用和随时追缴等制度的完善,维护财产刑刑罚体系的自洽。     

胶原纤维、Ⅳ型胶原及CD34诊断外伤性迟发性脾破裂

外伤性迟发性脾破裂的鉴定难点在于准确判断脾破裂与腹部受到外力事件之间是否存在直接延续的因果关系。经典的组织病理检查的结果虽然具有十分重要的作用,但存在假阴性的可能,因此需要寻找其他辅助诊断指标。本文通过一例明确的外伤性迟发性脾破裂病例,在损伤及正常脾组织中,利用HE染色、Masson染色、免疫组化染色,针对胶原纤维、Ⅳ型胶原、CD34三个指标进行组织形态学对比,并量化免疫组化结果。HE染色发现出血灶周围已经形成了肉芽组织;Masson染色发现出血区周围的胶原纤维密度明显高于远端正常组织,且形成包膜状纤维结构;免疫组化结果发现,出血区域的Ⅳ型胶原及CD34相比正常对照组织均呈强阳性,平均光密度具有统计学差异。在判断脾损伤后经过时间方面,HE染色判断为7~14d,Masson染色判断其大于6d,免疫组化判断为7~14d,三者结果基本一致。说明HE染色、Masson染色以及Ⅳ型胶原和CD34免疫组化染色均可获得较为准确的结果。与HE染色相比,胶原纤维、Ⅳ型胶原、CD34更为直观并易于识别判断,这为今后此类案件的鉴定提供了新的辅助指标。     

“Like Having New Batteries Installed!”: Problematizing the Category of the “40+ Mother” in Contemporary Danish Media

In recent years, the phenomenon of the “40+ mother” has generated much media attention in Denmark. Within these discussions, 40+ mothers are regularly labelled as ridiculous, bad, or irresponsible, their access to assisted reproductive technologies is restricted, and their right to them is questioned. This rhetoric is explored here within the particular context of the Danish welfare state, which commonly takes pride in being family-friendly and is often seen as liberal in terms of its gender policies. This paper analyses these debates and argues that the ideological category of the “old mother” is another formulation of sexist and ageist discourses that identify feminine ageing with decline and emptiness. Drawing on feminist age studies, these media representations are considered here as a manifestation of middle-ageism, in which 40+ mothers undergo a process of accelerated ageing as they fail to act their age. The analysis traces these emerging discourses and discusses some of the alternatives they raise. The paper is situated within social and feminist studies of time that aim to challenge normative reproductive temporalities and the ideology of ageing as decline, so that the category of 40+ mothers opens up new rhythmic options for reproductive time and for heteronormative life-course paradigms more generally.     

文学史的第二重存在--论文学史实践

文学史的存在是两重的首先是客观的、原初的文学史;其次是经由文学史家们理解和阐释的文学史,即文学史实践.文学史实践所具有的历史与审美属性之间可谓是一种辩证统一的关系,且处于特定的三维时空之中.文学史有文学和思想两条叙史线索,其著述形态和语式主要有重历史、重逻辑和历史与逻辑相统一三种.     

论环境侵害诉讼的特点

随着环境侵害案件的不断增多 ,传统诉讼制度的问题和缺陷日益显露 ,深入研究该类案件的特点 ,将有利于法院正确解决纠纷 ,切实保护当事人的权利。文章对环境侵害诉讼中诉讼主体的确定、诉讼请求的根据与范围、证明规则以及诉讼时效等问题进行了探讨。     

Time and technique: the legal lives of the 26-week qualifying period

This paper aims to bring an appreciation of legal form, technicalities, and legislative drafting to growing interdisciplinary literatures on time and governance. Scholarship across politics, geography, science studies and anthropology continues to trace the productive force and specific qualities of diverse temporal horizons. At the same time socio-legal scholars increasingly focus on the work of making and negotiating law, engaging with the dogged, everyday work of legal experts and bureaucrats. Yet little attention has been paid, to date, to the work of legislative drafters. This paper follows the ‘legal lives’ of qualifying periods on family-friendly employment rights. As examples of legal technicalities that work with time, qualifying periods form an important part of the regulatory structure that separates precarious workers from ‘regular’ employees in UK law. Drawing on documentary research and interviews with policy experts, union activists and legislative drafters, this paper focuses on the formal qualities of qualifying periods, arguing that these legal technicalities conjure time and legal form as inextricable. Whenever law becomes relevant to conversations about time and governance, we could usefully pay attention to the idiosyncrasies and controversies occupying legal form and legislative drafting.     

Preservation of the Waning Temple Opus

正Hu Qingxue,40,a farm lad from Gu’an County in Hebei Province began in his teens to learn traditional musical notation.At 17 he enrolled in the classes of Zhang Benxing,a master of Jing Music at Beijing’s Zhihua Temple,which dates back to the early Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).Hu is now a government-recognized successor to this national intangible cultural heritage.     

Stewed Chicken with Three Cups of Sauce

正Stewed Chicken with Three Cups of Sauce,literally"three-cup chicken,"is a popular dish in Jiangxi Province in southern China.It is a specialty known for crispy texture and rich f lavor.Its story dates back to the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty(1127-1279),when Wen Tianxiang,a Jiangxi native scholar-general,was