建设一个走在时代前列的执政党

一个先进的政党,只有站在时代的前列,与时俱进地用时代眼光审视自己,才能找准自己的历史坐标,保持旺盛的生机与活力.     

Identifying Unit-Dependency and Time-Specificity in Longitudinal Analysis: A Graphical Methodology

Longitudinal analysis in criminology and other social sciences has become an important research tool because it allows us to draw conclusions from observing how multiple units change over time. Unfortunately, its results are more vulnerable to potential influences of unusual observational units or periods of time. Current leverage diagnostics are designed for cross-sectional analysis and are fallible when applied to longitudinal models. This article introduces a graphical diagnostic methodology to systematically examine the sensitivity of longitudinal results to extreme observational units and periods of time—unit-dependency and time-specificity. Further the article illustrates its use with an example testing policy effects on black and white female victimization of intimate partner homicide. Results are displayed in an easily understood graph that provides a snapshot of the results' time-specific patterns and robustness to unit-dependency. Currently, comparable tests for panel analysis are tedious and cumbersome. With this new illuminating methodology, researchers and policy-makers can easily decide whether a time-specific or unit-dependent pattern is consequential.     

试论我国小型企业财务报告体系的导向问题

我国小型企业会计制度一直未受到足够的重视。我国小型企业具有规模小、主要靠自有资金发展和会计报告主要用于定期纳税等特点。建立接近收付实现制特点的税务导向的财务报告体系 ,是我国小型企业会计制度的理性选择     

大鼠脑挫伤后GFAP和iNOS表达与损伤时间关系的实验研究

目的　观察大鼠实验性脑挫伤后胶质纤维酸性蛋白 (GFAP)和诱导型—氧化氮合成酶 (iNOS)的表达及其时相性的关系 ,试图寻找法医学脑损伤时间的推断方法。方法　建立脑挫伤的动物模型 ,采用免疫组织化学技术 (SABC法 )观察大鼠脑挫伤后GFAP及iNOS在伤后不同时间的表达。染色结果用计算机彩色图像分析技术作定量统计分析处理。结果　 ( 1)伤后 3h时GFAP阳性表达细胞开始增多 ,1d和 5d组单个阳性细胞染色强度达峰值 ,但在 3d组相对邻近组却下降 ,呈现出一双峰波形 ,7d达最大值 ;阳性物质总面积自 3h时表达增多开始后一直增加 ,直到 7d时达高峰。 ( 2 )伤后 12h组可见iNOS活性增高 ,并随伤后存活时间的延长 ,iNOS阳性细胞数目 (或阳性物质总面积 )逐渐增多 ,单个细胞染色强度逐渐加深。伤后 1d至 3d组阳性物质总面积达到高峰 ,5d后开始下降 ,但 7d时仍维持较高水平 ;而单个细胞染色强度随伤后存活时间的延长而加深 ,于 5d时达高峰后显著下降 ,但高于起始水平。结论　脑挫伤后GFAP和iNOS在损伤局部的染色变化有一定的时间规律性 ,可以用于脑挫伤的时间推断。     

Appellate and trial court caseload growth: A pooled time-series-cross-section analysis

This is an econometric study of factors behind filing growth since 1970 in state trial courts and, especially, appellate courts. The model posits two categories of variables: those affecting the supply of disputes and those affecting the costbenefit considerations of potential litigants. The study uses a pooled time-seriescross-section design and a fixed-effects regression procedure. The overall conclusion is that factors determining the supply of disputes overwhelm other factors entered in the model. At the trial level, economic conditions 2 years earlier strongly affect civil filings, and crime rates for the current and prior year have moderate impacts on criminal filings. The output capacity of trial courts, measured by the number of judges, has a strong impact on appeals. Economic conditions and trial court filings influence civil appeals in later years, and prison commitments influence criminal appeals. The great majority of cost-benefit factors, such as simplification of appellate procedure and interest-rate differentials, showed little or no impact on appeals.In view of the rising emphasis on replicability (Dewaldet al., 1986; Campbell, 1986; Cook and Zarkin, 1986), we stress that the data for this research are available from the Inter-Univarsity consortium for Political and Social Research, and we will provide copies of the computer printouts giving the programs (that apply SAS) and the results. In addition, Court Studies periodically updates the data set, and it will supply current data upon request.     

大鼠溺死后气管纤毛变化的扫描电镜观察

应用扫描电镜对大鼠溺死后不同时间气管纤毛病理变化进行了观察，发现溺死大鼠气管纤毛局部紊乱，杯状细胞顶端开口增多，纤毛表面粘附有较多的絮网状结构．随死后时间延长，纤毛出现粘结、倒伏、结构破坏、消失等死后变化．结果表明，用扫描电镜观察上述变化有助于溺死死因诊断和死后经过时间的推断．     

行政文化创新中需要注意的几个问题

行政体制改革应同时把握体制性要素改革与文化性要素改革两大主要环节,文化性要素改革也即行政文化创新问题。就目前有关这一课题的讨论来看,需要注意的问题主要有:对“创新”含义的界定,认识行政文化创新必须体现时代特征,符合行政现代化与社会发展的客观要求;行政文化创新应当继承民族传统,培育具有中国特色的行政文化体系;行政文化创新需要开阔胸襟,广泛吸收人类在这一领域创造的优秀成果;行政文化创新应当坚持与时俱进原则,在行政实践中不断革新发展;行政文化创新要坚持科学态度,提倡求真、讨论和争鸣的精神。     

“Industrial Defence Against the Whole World”: Deakinite New Protection as Narrative of Global Modernity

As it evolved towards the New Protection program from 1906, Deakinite protectionism manifested as a historicised narrative of modernity: an attempt to impose a rationale of nation-building over the heterogeneous and unstable impact of new economic relations and technologies, and the tense dynamics of competition between nations. History was invoked by actors fashioning the nation-building task in post Federation Australia as they claimed to make decisive breaks with past practice, reflected in innovative government strategies and social reforms. The anxieties and opportunities stimulated by global industrial modernity defined New Protection policy, evident in the formation of political narrative and parliamentary legislation, and government intervention in the conduct of business enterprise and industrial relations. The objectives and contradictions of New Protection were clarified in the political narratives and policy interventions constructed to secure the future of the Sunshine Harvester enterprise and its workforce.     

收养法的不足与完善

尽管我国《收养法》依据社会发展的实际情形作了相应修改,但现行《收养法》在被收养人、收养人等方面仍欠缺人文关怀,尤其是汶川大地震后所面对的孤儿收养,更是凸显出《收养法》的不足。基于此,笔者主张应将被收养人的范围扩大到成年人,同为兄弟姐妹关系的被收养人原则上由同一收养人收养;应建立确定收养人是否具备相应收养资格的一个监理机构,赋予与被收养人之间有三代以内同辈旁系血亲的收养人享有优先收养权,尽量不允许独身收养与同性婚姻家庭进行收养;立法应确定给予收养当事人留出适当的收养磨合期即试养期。     

论授益行政与损益行政诉讼中被告逾期举证后果之差异及完善

在行政诉讼被告无正当理由逾期举证的情况下,合理有效的法律后果有助于规制被告的违法诉讼行为。但是,相关立法混淆了损益行政行为与授益行政行为的差异性。两类性质不同的行政行为在被告违反举证期限的法律后果上理应有所区别。《关于审理行政许可案件若干问题的规定》第八条只对行政许可诉讼作出了不同的安排,亟待完善。