“重建中气”中药复方对进展期胃癌患者生存预后影响的队列研究

目的 观察“重建中气”中药复方对进展期胃癌术后及辅助化学治疗后患者生存期的影响。方法 回顾分析62例进展期胃癌患者的临床资料,根据是否服用“重建中气”中药复方将其分为中药暴露、无中药暴露两个队列。中药暴露组以“香砂六君子汤”为主方辨证加减。观察性别、年龄、首次就诊体质量和体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、卡氏功能状态（Karnorfsky performance status,KPS）评分、复发或转移、中药暴露等因素对进展期胃癌生存期的影响。结果 对62例患者随访2年,与无中药暴露组比较,中药暴露组患者体质量和BMI显著升高（P<0.05）,复发或转移率显著降低（P<0.05）;Kaplan-Meier单因素生存分析结果显示,中药暴露、基线KPS评分、复发或转移、基线BMI是生存期的影响因素（P＜0.05）;COX多因素回归分析显示,KPS评分是总生存期的独立影响因素。结论 进展期胃癌术后患者为口服中药的优势人群,“重建中气”中药复方可增加或稳定进展期胃癌患者的体质量,提高患者生存质量,改善预后生存。     

Social media video analysis methodology for sarin exposure

As social media becomes increasingly ubiquitous, many events are recorded and released on social media platforms, including chemical weapon attacks. We develop an objective tool in order to evaluate brief and unstructured social media videos for analysing sarin exposure from a civilian medical pathology perspective. We developed and validated this new questionnaire using a standardized procedure that includes content domain specification, item pool generation, content validity evaluation, a pilot study, and assessment of reliability and validity. In total, 51 sarin attacks and 48 matched videos were analysed. Cronbach’s α for all 20 items was 0.75, which indicates adequate internal reliability. The test–retest reliability was 0.96, which indicates good internal reliability. The inter-observer intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.97. After verifying sampling adequacy with the Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure and the factorability of the items with Barlett’s test of sphericity, a factor analysis was performed. According to the principal axis factoring, a six-factor solution explained 51.86% of the total variance. The receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the Video Score Questionnaire has a sensitivity of 0.817, a specificity of 0.478, and an efficiency of 65.3. Therefore, the Video Score Questionnaire is reliable and valid for evaluating sarin attacks from brief and unstructured social media videos.

Key points

• Chemical weapons are still used as a method of warfare.
• Social media videos are an important source of information.
• We developed a validated scale which can analyse sarin exposure in short and unstructured videos.

     

定期租船合同法定解除事由评析——兼论《海商法》相关条款的修订

从《海商法》关于定期租船合同法定解除权的四个具体条文着手,结合合同法基本原理,参考国际立法例和航运实践,评析了定期租船合同法定解除是由的立法得失。     

邓小平理论的时代观及其一般特征

邓小平理论作为当代中国的马克思主义理论 ,作为有中国特色的社会主义理论 ,必然涉及到当今时代的性质和特点 ,因而邓小平理论的时代观十分鲜明。邓小平理论的时代观具有全球性、求实性、科学性和实践性等一般特征。     

论美国早期民主对刑事辩护权发展的影响

美国早期民主政治对后续的社会制度有着深刻的影响,与此同时,律师业也在19世纪取得了飞速的发展。但是,目前关于美国早期民主对刑事辩护权发展之影响的研究却鲜有作品涉及。本文梳理了美国早期刑事司法环境,描绘了19世纪末期的辩护制度发展历程,对比了古代中国集权体制下的刑事司法制度。将美国刑事辩护权发展的实质性因素归纳为:人民主权原则在刑事司法制度中的贯彻,多元分权制度给予辩护权发展的空间,以及司法的最终权威是辩护权发展的强力助推。最后,刑事辩护权发展的最终归属将是权利自由。     

Marching to the Left? Programmatic Competition and the 2017 Party Manifestos

This article analyses the content of the 2017 general election manifestos, and introduces the latest estimates from the Manifesto Project to explore recent ideological movements in the British party system. It reports the changing policy emphases in Conservative and Labour manifestos and the ideological positions of the major political parties in 2017. It finds that Theresa May's party produced its most left‐wing manifesto since 1964, and that Jeremy Corbyn's party produced its most left‐wing manifesto since 1992 and the election before the advent of New Labour. The article also finds that the ideological space between the Conservatives and Labour opened up in 2017, and that Northern Ireland's Democratic Unionists published the most right‐wing manifesto.     

Multivariate analysis for estimating the age of a bloodstain

Our objective is to provide crime laboratories with a technique for estimating the age of a bloodstain. Toward that goal, we have used multiplexed, real-time RT-PCR (or qPCR) to determine the relative stability of different-sized segments of the same RNA species as well as differences in stability between two different RNAs' change over time in bloodstains. Our results indicate that a multivariate analysis of the changing ratio of the different RNA segments can be used to differentiate between samples of different ages in the defined population. Bloodstains from 29 of 30 donors could be partitioned into different ages using this technique. Although further improvements will be required before this approach can be implemented in crime laboratories, the multivariate analysis holds promise of providing a reliable approach for temporally linking a bloodstain to the commission of a crime or excluding a bloodstain as being irrelevant to the case in question.     

对魏伊丝代际公平说的全面反思

为保护地球环境资源而创设的代际公平理论是建立在两个错误认识的基础上的,即把集合概念的人类视为类概念的人类和把地球环境资源财产化。假如没有后代人,人们也同样应该承担保护地球环境的义务。魏伊丝舍今世而求助于后代人及其权利,其原因在于权利时代所型塑出来的权利思维模式和路径依赖。虽然代际公平理论能够给我们提供观察和解决环境问题的时间视角,但它本身并不是什么新的法律理念,无法担负起指导现代环境法制建设和环境保护实践的重任。     

Macroscopic observations of the effects of varying fresh water pH on bone

Little is known about the decomposition of remains in aquatic environments of varying pH, and even less is known about the specific effects of these environments on bone. Bovine bones were placed in solutions of pH 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14 and observed over a period of 1 year. All solutions eventually removed or dissolved the soft tissues from the external surface of the bone. The pH 7 and pH 10 solutions had little effect on the bone, but the other solutions affected the bone to varying degrees. Extreme pH levels were the most destructive, while more moderate pH levels had lesser but significant and interesting effects. Empirical data on postmortem aquatic changes may be extremely useful in forensic contexts for both improving time since death estimates and also for providing better information to underwater recovery experts thereby potentially increasing the quantity and quality of remains recovery.     

Comparison of Decomposition Rates and Faunal Colonization of Carrion in Indoor and Outdoor Environments

Abstract: Decomposition and insect colonization of pig (Sus scrofa L.) carcasses were observed over a 42‐day period inside and outside a house in a suburban region of Edmonton, Alberta. Three freshly killed pig carcasses were placed outdoors on grass and three carcasses were placed in separate rooms inside a house in a suburban residential area. The carcasses were examined and sampled regularly. Outside carcasses were colonized rapidly by Calliphora vicina (R‐D), Lucilia sericata (Meigen), Lucilia illustris (Meigen), Eucalliphora latifrons (Hough), Cynomya cadaverina (R‐D), Phormia regina (Meigen), and Protophormia terraenovae (R‐D). There was a delay of 5 days before inside carcasses were first colonized but all species except E. latifrons and L. illustris readily colonized at this time. Many more insects colonized the outside carcasses, and these were rapidly skeletonized. Inside, much fewer insects were present and decomposition was slowed and colonization extended. Dispersal patterns of postfeeding larvae inside the house on hard substrate were greatly expanded compared with those from carcasses on grass.