Spatio-Temporal Interaction of Urban Crime

Over the past decade, a renewed interest in the analysis of crime hot-spots has emerged in the social and behavioral sciences. Spurred by improvements in computing power, data visualization and geographic information systems, numerous innovative approaches have materialized for identifying areas of elevated crime in urban environments. Unfortunately, many hot-spot analysis techniques treat the spatial and temporal aspects of crime as distinct entities, thus ignoring the necessary interaction of space and time to produce criminal opportunities. The purpose of this paper is to explore the utility of statistical measures for identifying and comparing the spatio-temporal footprints of robbery, burglary and assault. Functional and visual comparisons for spatio-temporal clusters are analyzed across a range of space–time values using a comprehensive database of crime events for Cincinnati, Ohio. Empirical results suggest that robbery, burglary and assault have dramatically different spatio-temporal signatures.

中美知识产权"刑事门槛"争端的法律问题

In April 2007, the United States filed an application with the DSB of WTO with respect to the issue of criminal law protection mechanism of intellectual property rights in China, which was the first dispute accepted by the DSB arising out of the issue of criminal law protection mechanism of intellectual property rights. The core of the dispute of the case is how to interpret the “commercial scale” under Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement as the “criminal threshold”. It can be seen from the practice of the interpretation of the DSB that while each WTO member is entitled to interpret the term “commercial scale”, the boundary of interpretation is subject to Article 61 of the TRIPS Agreement. It is unnecessary for China to lower her “criminal threshold”, since China’s criminal law protection in intellectual property policy is in compliance with the TRIPS Agreement. In fact, the United States should change from lowering the criminal threshold to how to strengthen the criminal crackdown on piracy under the circumstance of lowering the price of genuine works when imposing pressure on China in the protection of intellectual property rights. He Xiaoyong, Ph.D, is presently a professor in the Faculty of International Law in the University of East China University of Political Science and Law. He studied as a visiting scholar at the University of San Francisco (2001). He was awarded a Chevening Scholarship in 2002 sponsored by British Council and Shanghai Outstanding Teacher Award in 2004. He has released more than 80 academic articles on WTO issues and international financial law, and his monographs include Legal Aspects on Supervision under Financial Globalization (2002), International Trade Dispute Settlement and China’s Perspective: Under the WTO framework (2006) and new issues under the WTO (2008).     

股权分置改革对资本市场的有效性影响——基于三因子模型的实证研究

从理论上讲,股权分置改革解决了上市公司2／3非流通股的流通问题,从而促进了资本市场的有效发展。通过检验股改后的三因子模型,可以从实证角度证实这一论点。     

资本、时间与利息的关系探究

本文考察为什么会产生“生产力利息论”与“时间偏好利息论”这样两种不同的利息理论。通过奥地利经济学流派内部两大利息理论的比较,文章发现人们对“利息”的不同认识源于对“资本”与“时间”性质的不同认识。资本的“基金论”和“单维”的时间观所导致的是“生产力利息论”,而资本的“结构论”及“非单维”的时间观所导致的是“时间偏好利息论”。     

期货收益率极端波动离散间隔的实证研究

本文基于极值理论,以沪铜、大连大豆和郑州硬麦期货为研究对象,应用最大信息熵原理、广义极值分布和K－S拟合检验,实证分析了我国商品期货收益率极端波动的时间间隔的统计分布特征。引入离散的时间间隔来刻画极端波动特征在学术上是个新的尝试。实证结果表明：极端波动的确定是与阈值紧密联系的;我国商品期货收益率的极端波动间隔时间服从广义极值分布;期货收益率极端波动时间间隔序列具有集聚性;运用条件期望值--波动模型预测极端波动间隔是可行的。这些成果为监管层度量极端波动强度和控制风险提供了有效的方法。     

检察机关“提前介入”问题研究

检察机关是依据我国宪法创设的法律监督机关,检察机关"提前介入"是强化与完善侦查监督,促进侦查程序法治化,理顺诉讼关系的重要手段之一,也是我国司法改革的研究方向之一.以检察机关在刑事案件侦查阶段提前介入为切入点,通过对国外检察机关侦查监督模式比较及法理分析,结合我国检察机关的宪法定位和当前侦查监督的现状,论证检察机关"提前介入"法律基础和现实必要性,并围绕"强化法律监督职能",对检察机关"提前介入"的制度化建设尝试提出建构性意见.     

X线数字图像法推断前臂骨折形成时间

目的利用X线数字图像法推断前臂骨折形成的时间。方法收集70例前臂骨折患者随访的620张X线数字图像,根据X线检查骨折愈合评判标准列表,将骨折愈合过程分为5级,利用Photoshop的图像处理和测量功能,对不同年龄组、不同治疗方式的患者骨折愈合过程相关放射学标志进行观察和测量,运用SPSS11.5软件对各级愈合时间进行分析。结果年龄和手术与否分别是影响骨折愈合的独立因素,根据不同年龄、不同治疗方式可以得到各级愈合时间列表。以愈合Ⅲ级的出现时间为例,青年组采用石膏固定治疗的,平均时间为12.2周,采用手术治疗的,需要18周,而少年组采用石膏固定治疗的,则只需5.8周。结论根据骨折愈合过程中X线数字图像指标,对患者进行分组观察,可提高推断骨折形成时间的准确度。     

家兔死后的角膜厚度变化及其与死亡时间的关系

目的探讨家兔死后不同时间角膜厚度变化及其与死亡时间的关系。方法将25只家兔采用空气栓塞的方法处死后,用角膜超声测厚仪分别于死后即刻、2h、4h、8h、12h和24h测量角膜的厚度,所得数据进行统计学处理。结果即刻死亡家兔角膜厚度平均值为（357.10±6.41）μm,死亡24h角膜厚度平均增加（187.52±11.38）μm;4h内,眼睑开启与闭合对角膜厚度的增加无明显影响（F=3.5290,P〉0.05）,8h后随时间延长,眼睑闭合角膜厚度为（429.24±8.80）μm,明显超过眼睑开启角膜平均厚度（421.40±9.53）μm,其差异有显著性意义（F=14.4480,P〈0.05）。眼睑闭合的角膜厚度与死亡时间关系为y=8.2418x＋357.33（相关系数r1=0.8732）;眼睑开启的角膜厚度与死亡时间关系为y=7.3737x＋357.23（r2=0.8578）。结论在一定条件下,家兔死后24h内角膜厚度与死亡时间呈线性相关。     

免疫组织化学法检测HO-1在人挫伤脑组织中的表达

目的研究人脑挫伤后不同时间血红素加氧酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)表达的变化,为法医学脑损伤时间的推断提供依据。方法选择24例因颅脑损伤死亡案例为损伤组,4例非颅脑损伤死亡的案例为对照组,应用免疫组织化学和图像分析技术,分别于脑损伤后存活时间3h、6～9h、12～24h、36h～3d、5～8d及17～20d检测脑组织标本中HO-1随时间的变化规律。结果经统计学分析,HO-1阳性细胞表达在伤后3h以内组开始升高,12～24h组表达强度最高,36h～3d组仍见高表达,以后逐渐下降。各组组间及与对照组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 HO-1的表达可能成为实际检案中脑损伤时间推断的诊断指标。     

金融危机下小规模经营者的经济法关怀

在金融危机的冲击下,个体工商户及中小企业这些小规模经营者的生存更加艰难。如何对待曾经为中国经济发展做出过重要贡献而且还将为中国经济发展继续做贡献的个体工商户及中小企业,是任由自由竞争、优胜劣汰、适者生存竞争法则自由发挥,还是通过必要的制度安排使个体工商户体及中小企业得到更多的人文关怀,是构建社会主义市场经济制度必须考虑的问题。