Effects of Re‐heating Tissue Samples to Core Body Temperature on High‐Velocity Ballistic Projectile–tissue Interactions

Damage produced by high‐speed projectiles on organic tissue will depend on the physical properties of the tissues. Conditioning organic tissue samples to human core body temperature (37°C) prior to conducting ballistic experiments enables their behavior to closely mimic that of living tissues. To minimize autolytic changes after death, the tissues are refrigerated soon after their removal from the body and re‐heated to 37°C prior to testing. This research investigates whether heating 50‐mm‐cube samples of porcine liver, kidney, and heart to 37°C for varying durations (maximum 7 h) can affect the penetration response of a high‐speed, steel sphere projectile. Longer conditioning times for heart and liver resulted in a slight loss of velocity/energy of the projectile, but the reverse effect occurred for the kidney. Possible reasons for these trends include autolytic changes causing softening (heart and liver) and dehydration causing an increase in density (kidney).     

人格权禁令的基本原理与程序法落实

《民法典》第997条规定了人格权禁令制度,但并未同时规定人格权禁令申请的审查条件和审理程序,也未明确该制度的实体法或程序法以及诉讼或非讼的属性.有观点认为人格权禁令制度就是人格权侵权领域的诉前行为保全.但是,人格权禁令与行为保全是两种不同的制度.人格权禁令制度的规定,改变了我国"侵权诉讼+行为保全+民事责任"的权利保护...     

西北少数民族地区生态环境法律保护研究

西北少数民族地区在全国可持续发展的大格局中占有举足轻重的地位。这个独特区域的生态环境却极为脆弱。由于在经济发展中缺少相应法律对生态环境的有效保护,导致西北少数民族地区的经济发展与生态环境的保护出现许多矛盾,由此引发的民族关系、人与自然的矛盾、社会发展和经济发展等问题逐渐突现。本文从可持续发展的角度出发,对该地区现有的生态环境保护法律资源进行了细致的梳理,分析了两北少数民族地区生态环境保护法律立法和执法方面的不足,有针对性地提出了西北少数民族地区生态环境保护法治化的基本思路。     

Investigations into Enhancing Yersinia pestis Cells Viability following Environmental Sampling for Forensic Analysis

Following an intentional or accidental bio-warfare agent (BWA) release, environmental sample analysis is absolutely critical to determine the extent of contamination. When dealing with nonspore forming BWA (e.g., Yersinia pestis), retention of cell viability is central to such analyses. Even though significant advances have been achieved in DNA sequencing technologies, a positive identification of BWAs in environmental samples must be made through the ability of cells to form colony-forming units upon culturing. Inability to revive the cells between collection and analysis renders such studies inconclusive. Commercial kits designed to preserve the viability of pathogens contained within clinical samples are available, but many of them have not been examined for their ability to preserve samples containing suspected BWAs. The study was initiated to examine the applicability of commercial solutions aiding in retention of Y. pestis viability in samples stored under nonpermissive temperatures, that is, 40 and 37°C. While none of the tested solutions sustained cell viability at 40°C, the results show five out of 17 tested preservatives were capable of supporting viability of Y. pestis at 37°C.     

桃红四物汤促进产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复的作用

目的 观察桃红四物汤对产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复的促进作用,探讨其与内皮素-1（endothelin-1,ET-1）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶（inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS）及血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR-2）的关联性。方法 选取产后血瘀模型复制成功的大鼠40只,将其随机分为桃红四物汤高剂量（18.0 g/kg）、中剂量（9.0 g/kg）、低剂量（4.5 g/kg）组,阳性对照组（益母草颗粒4.3 g/kg）和模型组（蒸馏水）,另取正常雌性大鼠作为正常对照组。连续给药7 d后,腹主动脉取血,分离子宫,苏木精-伊红染色法观察子宫血瘀状态,免疫组织化学法检测子宫VEGFR-2表达情况;酶联免疫吸附法检测血清中ET-1、iNOS及VEGF水平。结果 桃红四物汤可明显改善子宫血瘀程度,促进子宫组织中VEGFR-2的表达;桃红四物汤高、中剂量组大鼠血清VEGF及iNOS水平明显升高（P＜0.05）,ET-1水平明显降低（P＜0.05）。结论 桃红四物汤可促进产后血瘀大鼠子宫修复,其修复作用可能与调节子宫血管舒缩功能及促进子宫血管新生有关。     

载黄芪多糖组织工程支架促糖尿病大鼠皮肤创伤修复研究

目的 研究载黄芪多糖（Astragalus polysaccharides,APS）组织工程支架(APS/PDLGA)对糖尿病大鼠皮肤创面愈合的影响。方法 采用高压静电纺丝技术制备APS/PDLGA超细纤维,构成三维纤维网状组织工程支架;扫描电子显微镜观察纤维形貌,并计算直径;采用苯酚-浓硫酸法检测载药量与包封率;将APS/PDLGA用于糖尿病大鼠皮肤溃疡创面修复,采用苏木精-伊红染色观察各实验组皮肤修复进程。结果 APS/PDLGA纤维表面光滑、粗细均匀、直径（2.56±0.50）μm、载药量（5.22±0.076）%、包封率（90.06±1.31）%,覆盖APS/PDLGA纤维膜组的糖尿病大鼠皮肤创面约在第18天完全愈合,新生上皮外观与结构和正常皮肤相似,愈合速度明显快于空白PDLGA纤维膜组和对照组创面（P＜0.01）。结论 APS/PDLGA纤维组织工程支架可促进糖尿病大鼠皮肤创面愈合,有望应用于糖尿病皮肤溃疡治疗。     

大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者血清结缔组织生长因子及肝细胞生长因子的影响

目的观察非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者血清结缔组织生长因子(connective tissue growth factor,CTGF)和肝细胞生长因子(hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)水平及大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠对其干预作用。方法将63例非透析慢性肾病3~4期湿热证患者随机分为治疗组32例和对照组31例,并设正常组20例。治疗组和对照组均给予基础治疗,治疗组加用大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠,每日1次,疗程8周。观察两组临床疗效、血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,SCr),以及治疗前后血清CTGF、HGF,并与正常组进行比较。结果治疗组临床疗效和中医证候疗效均显著优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后治疗组BUN较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),SCr呈降低趋势(P0.05);对照组治疗后BUN较治疗前呈降低趋势(P0.05),SCr较治疗前显著升高(P0.05)。治疗组和对照组治疗前CTGF、HGF水平显著高于正常组(P0.05);治疗后治疗组和对照组血清CTGF、HGF水平均显著降低(P0.05);治疗组治疗后HGF和CTGF下降值大于对照组,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论大黄泄浊颗粒保留灌肠改善非透析慢性肾病湿热证患者的机制与降低血清CTGF、HGF水平有关。     

芙蓉膏对家兔皮肤软组织感染的抑菌抗炎作用

目的 研究芙蓉膏外敷对家兔体表软组织感染的抑菌抗炎作用。方法 采用纸片琼脂扩散法进行抑菌实验,比较芙蓉膏粉剂溶液、复方黄柏涂剂和青霉素对金黄色葡萄球菌及大肠埃希菌菌株的生长抑制作用。选用50只新西兰家兔进行抗炎实验,将其随机分为正常组,模型组,莫匹罗星组,芙蓉膏低、高剂量组,每组10只。模型复制成功后进行药物干预,光学显微镜下观察组织病理改变;分别于第2、4、7天给药后8 h检测外周血白细胞（white blood cell, WBC）、中性粒细胞（neutrophils, NE）数量,超敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha, TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6, IL-6）水平。结果 芙蓉膏粉剂溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌有抑菌作用（抑菌环直径为2.5 mm）。光学显微镜下可见低、高剂量芙蓉膏均可减少兔后背软组织感染区的炎症细胞浸润,以高剂量芙蓉膏的作用为优。模型复制后2、4、7 d,莫匹罗星组,芙蓉膏低、高剂量组全血WBC、NE计数,血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均较模型组明显下降（P＜0.05）或呈降低趋势（P＞0.05）;芙蓉膏降低全血WBC计数的作用具有明显的剂量依赖性（P＜0.05）。结论 芙蓉膏对金黄色葡萄球菌生长有抑制作用,高剂量芙蓉膏可减轻软组织感染模型兔的炎症反应,促进创面修复。     

The Microbiome Forensics Database UZH

Microbial communities in biological stains can provide valuable information to assist forensic scientists identify the body fluid/tissue present in these. As these microbial communities are characteristic of body habitats, DNA sequencing of microbes can be used to predict bodily origin. Promising predictive results have been obtained with supervised machine learning algorithms trained on bacterial abundance data from human body sites. Importantly, prediction accuracy is dependent on the training dataset, yet compiling a large and comprehensive training reference is a non-trivial issue requiring substantial efforts. Here we present a new online database and associated data-mining platform which is, to our knowledge, the first one customised for forensic scientists investigating body fluids/tissues. Our database features samples originating from ten human body sites, with selection options through an online platform. Users can download bacterial abundance as well as taxonomic data, which can then be used to train predictive models and test their accuracy. Future stages of the development of the platform will include curation of the samples to decrease potential errors in sample labelling, as well as access to an online tool to conduct exploratory analyses.     

平心入境、调养心性——浅谈书法养生之道

历史上的善书者大都高寿,书法与养生素来是被人们津津乐道的话题。该文从书法可以使人平心入境,书法操作条件简单以及书法使人产生成就感等方面论述了书法的养生之道。