四季尸食性蝇类参与尸体软组织分解过程初探

目的观察了解四季尸食性蝇类参与尸体软组织分解过程的规律。方法在室外自然环境中设置尸体,分别在春、夏、秋、冬季节,用肉眼观察尸体每一时段的变化及尸食性蝇类参与尸体分解的现象。结果在4个不同的季节中,尸体软组织分解过程中尸食性蝇类参与种类及虫态各不相同。通过观察获得尸体变化各阶段的大体历期,尸体变化各阶段常见的尸食性蝇种及虫态资料。结论观察所得资料可为推测晚期尸体的死亡时间提供参考。     

胰岛素受体mRNA在新生犊牛组织中的表达

应用半定量RT-PCR方法检测了新生犊牛中枢神经系统和外周组织中胰岛素受体(in-sulin receptor,InsR)基因的表达。结果表明,InsR基因在肝、皮下脂肪、半腱肌、胰、肾皮质、脾、心、肺、下丘脑、肠系膜淋巴结、主动脉、十二指肠、结肠、垂体、大脑皮质、小脑皮质中都有表达。其中,肝、半腱肌、下丘脑、胰、主动脉、垂体中InsR基因的表达量显著多于其他组织(P<0.05)。InsR基因在各组织中的广泛分布表明胰岛素在体内具有广泛的生理功能。     

Human Versus Animal: Contrasting Decomposition Dynamics of Mammalian Analogues in Experimental Taphonomy

Taphonomic studies regularly employ animal analogues for human decomposition due to ethical restrictions relating to the use of human tissue. However, the validity of using animal analogues in soil decomposition studies is still questioned. This study compared the decomposition of skeletal muscle tissues (SMTs) from human (Homo sapiens), pork (Sus scrofa), beef (Bos taurus), and lamb (Ovis aries) interred in soil microcosms. Fixed interval samples were collected from the SMT for microbial activity and mass tissue loss determination; samples were also taken from the underlying soil for pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient (potassium, phosphate, ammonium, and nitrate) analysis. The overall patterns of nutrient fluxes and chemical changes in nonhuman SMT and the underlying soil followed that of human SMT. Ovine tissue was the most similar to human tissue in many of the measured parameters. Although no single analogue was a precise predictor of human decomposition in soil, all models offered close approximations in decomposition dynamics.     

Blood and Tissue Spatter Associated with Chainsaw Dismemberment

Abstract:  In response to the unexpected paucity of blood/tissue spatter at the site where a body of an adult woman was dismembered by an electric chainsaw, we dismembered two large pig carcasses with a small electric chainsaw in a controlled environment. These experiments demonstrated first that a large carcass could be easily dismembered by a small electric chainsaw. When the chainsaw bar is held parallel to the ground the majority of the blood and tissue is deposited directly beneath the saw and bar and very little elsewhere. If the discharge chute of the saw however is not oriented directly at the ground, larger amounts of blood and tissue may be sprayed on lateral surfaces or deposited some distance from the chainsaw. The characteristic striations created on the surface of wood as it is cut by a chainsaw can also be found on bony surfaces cut by a chainsaw.     

法医器官组织特异性circRNAs的筛选及确证

目的 筛选并确证器官组织特异性circRNAs分子标记物,应用于法医器官组织溯源.方法 从TSCD数据库及文献中,筛选出器官组织特异性circRNAs,设计并验证引物.收集心脏、大脑、肝脏、皮肤、骨骼肌、肺脏等人体组织样本,经总RNA提取、RT-qPCR、琼脂糖凝胶电泳等步骤对候选circRNAs进行组织表达水平分析,...     

Simplified field preservation of tissues for subsequent DNA analyses

Successful DNA-based identification of mass disaster victims depends on acquiring tissues that are not highly degraded. In this study, multiple protocols for field preservation of tissues for later DNA analysis were tested. Skin and muscle samples were collected from decaying pig carcasses. Tissues were preserved using cold storage, desiccation, or room temperature storage in preservative solutions for up to 6 months. DNA quality was assessed through amplification of successively larger segments of nuclear DNA. Solution-based storage, including a DMSO/NaCl/EDTA mixture, alcohols, and RNAlater preserved DNA of the highest quality, refrigeration was intermediate, and desiccation was least effective. Tissue type and extent of decomposition significantly affected stored DNA quality. Overall, the results indicate that any tissue preservation attempt is far superior to delaying or forgoing preservation efforts, and that simple, inexpensive methods can be highly effective in preserving DNA, thus should be initiated as quickly as possible.     

哺乳动物外周组织GABA能神经元及其受体的研究进展

介绍了GABA能神经元及其受体的分类,着重阐述了GABA能神经元及其受体在哺乳动物外周组织的分布以及生理效用,为深入了解GABA的活动机制提供了参考,也为GABA功能性商品开发、相关疾病防治及其在动物生产中的应用提供了依据。     

Differentiation of traumatic and heat-induced dental tissue fractures via SEM analysis

Previous studies have examined the effects of heating on teeth; however, none have identified characteristics that allow analysts to differentiate traumatic from heat-induced fractures. This study examined our ability to discern notable differences in preincineration traumatic fractures and heat-induced fractures in postincineration dentition. Twelve anterior dental specimens were subjected to blunt force trauma while a second set were not. All 24 samples were then incinerated in a muffle furnace at a peak temperature (900°C) consistent with house fires. The specimens were subsequently examined with a scanning electron microscope to identify and compare heat-induced and traumatic fractures. The results obtained during examination yielded no differences between the features displayed by specimens that had been inflicted with preincineration trauma and those that did not. Unlike bone, distinguishing features for the differentiation of traumatic and heat-induced fractures could not be compiled.     

肌红蛋白降解与人体死亡时间的相关性

目的检测人体死亡后骨骼肌中肌红蛋白的降解水平,探讨其与死亡时间的关系。方法分别于人体死后0、4、8、12、24、36、48、60、72h取骨骼肌,置于室温25℃,在不同时间点抽提蛋白质,用Western Blot方法检测肌红蛋白,随后利用生物电泳图像分析软件分析。结果肌红蛋白随死后时间逐步降解。结论肌红蛋白降解的检测可用于推断死亡时间。     

Eyeball Position in Facial Approximation: Accuracy of Methods for Predicting Globe Positioning in Lateral View

This study measured the accuracy of traditional and validated newly proposed methods for globe positioning in lateral view. Eighty lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe were taken, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The anteroposterior eyeball position was estimated as the most accurate method based on the proportion of the orbital height (SEE = 1.9 mm) and was followed by the “tangent to the iris method” showing SEE = 2.4 mm. The traditional “tangent to the cornea method” underestimated the eyeball projection by SEE = 5.8 mm. Concerning the superoinferior eyeball position, the results showed a deviation from a central to a more superior position by 0.3 mm, on average, and the traditional method of central positioning of the globe could not be rejected as inaccurate (SEE = 0.3 mm). Based on regression analyzes or proportionality of the orbital height, the SEE = 2.1 mm.