中美建交前后美国售台武器及其政策的确立

卡特政府 1979- 1980年曾考虑向台湾出售一批先进武器 ,其决策过程与中美关系正常化的过程同时进行 ,影响了美方在建交谈判中在这一问题上的立场。卡特政府的决策过程为此后美国向台湾出售武器确立了模式 :售台武器是作为美国对华政策的一个重要工具而被使用的 ;其决策过程是一个官僚政治斗争过程 ,总统在这一过程中具有最大的和最终的发言权 ;国会具有很大的影响能力 ,但并不参与决策本身。     

透明度原则下的政务信息公开

WTO给我国政府提出了透明度要求,要求政府推行政务信息公开,建立、健全相关法律规章。针对当前我国政务信息公开中的传统思想观念、信息公开的主体、信息公开的法律制度和信息公开的权利与义务等方面存在的问题,借鉴和吸取国外有关政务信息公开的经验,构建适合我国国情的《信息公开法》是解决和保障政务信息顺利公开,充分实现WTO透明度原则的最有效的方式。     

离异父母擅自变更未成年子女姓名的法律思考

通过对两个矛盾案例的分析 ,说明如何理解“子女可以随父姓 ,也可以随母姓”,认为父母离异并没有改变父母子女之间的关系 ,一方无权擅自变更未成年子女姓名。同时 ,对公安部公户政 ( 1995年 ) 0 74号《关于抚养人申请变更子女姓名问题的批复》提出了不同看法。     

论单位犯罪过失的特殊性

单位犯罪过失的特殊性体现在单位意志的认定、单位应当预见的内容、单位预见可能性判断标准和单位监督过失等方面。单位意志的认定可以从决策机构、决策程序和利益归属三方面进行考量。基于单位特殊的认识能力和意志能力,单位应当预见刑法规定的具体危害结果,对预见可能性的判断标准也应采用“客观说”。单位监督过失不仅存在于单位未恰当履行对成员的选任监督义务的场合,也存在于单位怠于确立合理的管理体制、规章制度的场合。     

入世后绿色壁垒对我国经济的影响及对策

随着中国加入WTO和关税壁垒的逐渐消失，绿色壁垒将成为我国出口的一大障碍。现阶段，我国在应对绿色壁垒的问题上存在认识不够和难以建立自己技术标准等许多问题。实行可持续发展的工业化模式；提高绿色产品和有机食品的生产力；增强绿色技术研发能力是应对绿色壁垒的根本途径。     

市场秩序的产权制度基础

市场竞争并不必然导致市场秩序的紊乱。市场竞争中出现损人利己后果的重要原因是在不完善的市场条件下,市场主体实施机会主义行为的收益大于成本,从而出现市场秩序的紊乱。完善市场秩序要通过深化改革完善市场经济,其核心就是产权制度改革。产权制度的主要功能就是通过权利的界定来明确当事人从事某项交易活动的预期收益,从而规范市场交易行为。计划经济向市场经济转变的核心就是资源配置的等级规则向产权规则的演变。因此,产权关系明晰化就成为形成公平竞争市场秩序的基本制度条件。     

浅议近亲属作证豁免权

“亲亲得相首匿”是我国古代的司法传统,这一传统也为现代世界刑事司法潮流所认同。而我国当代刑事司法却忽略了特殊证人———近亲属证人的权利,即拒绝作证权。我国刑事诉讼中应建立近亲属作证豁免权制度。     

判断纸张折痕与写印字迹先后次序的实验研究

添改文件属于变造文件的一种,在污损文件检验中占据重要地位。对一份疑似添改的文件进行真伪识别,不仅要看形成文件的物质材料的理化性质是否遵循其正常的变化规律,还要看整份文件的形成过程是否符合正常的行文程序。由于各种色料与纸张折痕交叉,不同形成次序时交叉部位呈现出来的表观特征存在差别,因而能够根据这种差别判断色料与折痕形成的先后次序,进而为确定一份可疑的文件是否存在添改事实提供依据。     

Maternal Acceptance as a Moderator of the Relation Between Threat to Self Appraisals and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents from Divorced Families

Appraisals about the implications of stressful events that are evaluated as involving a threat to self (negative self-evaluation, negative evaluation from others, rejection by others) have been shown to place youth at risk for the development of mental health problems. This longitudinal study tested a protective-stabilizing interactive model, in which high maternal acceptance was predicted to mitigate the prospective relation between threat to self appraisals and change in adolescents’ mental health problems six months later. Participants were 89 adolescents from divorced families ages 10–12 and residential mothers. Adolescents reported on threat to self appraisals from the most stressful event experienced in the past month. Mothers and youth reported on maternal acceptance and mental health problems. Multiple regression analyses provided support for the protective effects of maternal acceptance on adolescents’ mental health problems. Intervention implications are discussed. Ana Brown is a pre-doctoral fellow in prevention research (NIMH 2 T32 MH18387–19) and doctoral student in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Research interests include the study of children’s appraisals and responses to stressful events in the prevention of mental health problems. Sharlene Wolchik is a clinical psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research focuses on identifying risk and protective factors for children whose parents have divorced. She also has designed and evaluated the efficacy of preventive interventions for children from divorced families and children who have experienced parental bereavement. Jenn-Yun Tein is a research associate professor and Co-Director of the Research Methodology Core of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research interests include analyses of mediation and moderation of preventive interventions as well as applications of methodology and statistics in prevention research. Irwin Sandler is a Regents’ Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. His research interests focus on understanding resilience for children exposed to stress and on the development, evaluation and dissemination of programs to promote resilience and prevent mental health problems for children in stress.     

论警察执法权益的刑法保护

面临日益增多的暴力袭警事件,必须加强刑事立法,使警察的执法权益得到根本性的保障.在刑法总则排除社会危害性行为的内容中增设依法履行职务的行为;在刑法分则中增设有关袭警犯罪的内容,以加强对警察执法权益的刑法保护.