Experiences of Stalking Victims and Requests for Help in Three European Countries. A Survey

Previous research by the Modena Group on Stalking (MGS) regarding awareness and recognition of stalking by police officers and general practitioners using case scenarios showed significant differences across three countries. It was also hypothesized that victims used different pathways when seeking help. To explore the experience of requesting help by victims of stalking in different European countries a detailed survey was completed by 391 victims of stalking in Belgium (n = 145), Italy (n = 126) and Slovenia (n = 120). The research confirmed the significant intensity and duration of stalking and psychological distress for victims. Victims used several pathways to survive stalking. Some victims reported that informal interventions they or family/friends implemented were effective, but the majority had to have recourse to helping agencies. Significant differences in help seeking behaviour were found between the three countries. In Belgium victims contacted the police, as well as other helping agencies, more often and more precociously than in Italy and Slovenia. Restriction orders against the stalker were considered the most effective intervention. Police were regarded as the least supportive agency, taking victims less seriously, and not being particularly effective at stopping the stalkers. Police were ranked after family/friends, lawyers and colleagues, with regards effectiveness, except in Belgium, where Police’s effectiveness was ranked second after lawyers. Stalking often requires the mobilization of multiple helping agencies by victims and it is important that victims are aware of what help is available to them and that agencies become more sensitive to their needs.     

政府系统副职职能转型、规模控制与组织法治

改革政府系统副职现状,是政府机构改革的有机部分,是政府组织、法治化、科学化的基本要求。加快政府组织法治化进程,完善政府组织法的框架和内容,在政府职能转变的基础上继续推进"大部制"改革,提升部门地位和权能,实现政府系统副职职能转型和规模控制,对于推进法治政府建设和实现政府组织体系科学化,具有重大的现实意义。     

身份犯的处罚根据论

身份犯的处罚根据问题是身份犯理论研究的基础性范畴,它直接决定了身份犯具体问题的展开。发端于大陆法系刑法中的"义务违反说"、"法益侵害说"以及建立在二者基础之上的"综合说"都不能圆满地说明身份犯的处罚根据;我国学者关于此问题的个别看法也不无纰漏。以"身份法益侵害说"作为身份犯的处罚根据,则是一种合理的选择。     

知情权法律救济在我国遭遇的尴尬

<政府信息公开条例>的实施,在一定程度上保障了公民的知情权.然而<条例>在规定知情权法律救济途径时,由于并未充分考虑其独特的性质,故知情权如遭受侵害,在行政复议、行政诉讼、国家赔偿等传统的救济手段中面临诸多困惑与尴尬.因此,在宪法中明确赋予公民知情权以基本权利的地位;待时机成熟提升条例的法律位阶,变条例为法律;调整行政复议、行政诉讼的审查方式,增加屏蔽审理程序;提高公民权利观念,加强政府法治理念,畅通救济途径,才能更加有效地保障公民的知情权.     

对我国社会保障争议解决机制的理论反思——基于权利救济的考察

我国宪法以制度保障的方式宣告了公民的社会保障权,无救济即无权利,而其中以司法救济最具有决定意义。社会保障争议主体多元、内容复杂,不同于民事争议和行政争议,也有别于劳动争议。西方各国普遍将社会保障争议作为一种独立的争议形式,通过立法建立专门法院或法庭,或授权普通法院通过特殊程序处理社会保障争议。我国还没有专门的社会保障争议解决机制,对社会保障争议按照劳动争议或行政争议的方式处理,存在诸多不足,应借鉴国外经验,根据其特殊性探索处理社会保障争议的理论,完善非诉讼解决机制,设立社会保障法庭,建立专门的社会保障争议解决程序制度,加强权利保护。     

《鹿特丹规则》的构建

《鹿特丹规则》已于2008年12月11日在联合国大会上正式通过,并于2009年9月23日在荷兰鹿特丹举行签字仪式。在回顾《鹿特丹规则》签字仪式及此后的最新进展的基础上,简要评述《鹿特丹规则》的制定背景和发展历史,并对《鹿特丹规则》生效后可能带来的一些重大变革进行分析。     

环境信息权的保护：德国环境信息法简介——兼与中国《政府信息公开条例》的比较

环境保护是二十一世纪的热门话题,也是各国政府极为关注的立法热点。随着科技的发展和工业企业的迅猛增长,环境保护的主体逐步由政府一家过渡到政府、组织、公民多管齐下,共同监督的模式。在中国,公民的环保意识逐步增强,参与环保的积极性和热情也空前高涨。但是环境信息的不对称始终成为阻碍公民参与环保的一大因素。中国新近制定的《政府信息公开条例》虽然在一定程度上起到了保障公民知情权的作用,但是在实践中仍有许多不足之处。德国作为大陆法系代表在环境法和环境信息法上均有许多值得中国借鉴之处。本文将通过介绍《德国环境信息法》并与中国《政府信息公开条例》进行比较。提出完善环境知情权的一些建议。     

TRIPS agreement and public health crisis in developing countries： Problems and solutions

While the health crisis in developing world has caused innumerable deaths, the balance between patent protection and public health attracts lots of debates globally. This paper examines the legal background for the access problems of essential drugs in developing countries, evaluates TRIPS agreement and the WTO decisions in theory, argues both patent protection for pharmaceuticals and TRIPS agreement are the genuine causes for the access problem, then attempts to provide some suggestions and evaluations for the possible solutions. Though the development of national pharmaceutical industries, adoption of early working exemptions, compulsory license, parallel import, acquirements of generic drugs and discount drugs, amendments of TRIPS agreement are all beneficial measures, the access problem may only be solved at an international level.     

论受审能力的恢复

受审能力评定越来越引起重视的情况下,对于无受审能力者,受审能力的恢复也是一项值得大家关注的问题,受审能力恢复的培训程序包括相关精神障碍治疗、法律知识培训、综合住院治疗;而个别程序的专门培训可能是受审能力最大程度恢复的必要措施。受审能力恢复评定的标准更多的参照于经典的Bennett标准。虽然有关受审能力恢复的研究还存在一些挑战,但为我国相关受审能力恢复的研究指明了道路,提供了很好的参考依据和措施。