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101.
102.
李虹 《中国青年政治学院学报》2005,24(5):64-71
注册商标显著性较弱,其权利行使应当受到一定限制,即在一定条件下允许他人对注册商标合理使用.2002年修订的<商标法实施条例>增加了对商标权予以限制的有关规定.商标权限制与版权、专利权限制的特点不同,在现实中表现情形纷繁复杂,因而判断中应坚持诚实信用、利益平衡和具体问题具体分析的基本原则. 相似文献
103.
韩均良 《铁道警官高等专科学校学报》2004,14(2):78-81
通过已知顺序实弹射击取样,显微观察弹头上发射过程中形成的痕迹,从中发现与排序有关的痕迹,然后通过统计、分析和归纳研究,发现弹头进膛时形成的痕迹及其形态变化,可以判断六四手枪发射子弹的顺序。 相似文献
104.
Charles S. Zwerling M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(2):534-539
Contact lenses have had rare relevance in trials and/or investigations. After 5 years of burial, orbital remnants were retrieved from an exhumed body and subsequently identified as a key piece of material evidence in a murder trial. The exhumed case materials were evaluated under laboratory conditions and were determined to be contact lens remnants. Contact lens fracture and burial simulation studies were performed to provide additional corroboration of the physical findings of the exhumed contact lens remnants. This material evidence was instrumental in providing factual proof refuting the defendant's testimony in the murder trial. A brief history of contact lens composition and use is provided for understanding the methods and observational results. This forensic case study represents the first published documentation of a contact lens from an exhumed body being used in a murder investigation and establishes an operational procedure for future forensic contact lens examinations. 相似文献
105.
Bite Mark Analysis in Foodstuffs and Inanimate Objects and the Underlying Proofs for Validity and Judicial Acceptance 下载免费PDF全文
Fernando Rivera‐Mendoza D.D.S. M.Sc. Stella Martín‐de‐las‐Heras B.D.S. M.D. Ph.D. Pablo Navarro‐Cáceres M.Sc. Gabriel M. Fonseca D.D.S. Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(2):449-459
Even though one of the first bite mark cases was Doyle v. State in 1954 (a bitten cheese case), the research has focused on bite marks inflicted in human skin. As published Papers, Case Reports, or Technical Notes can constitute precedents which are relied upon in making the legal arguments and a considerable amount of case law exists in this area, we present a systematic review on bite mark analysis in foodstuffs and inanimate objects and their underlying proofs for validity and judicial acceptance according to Daubert rulings. Results showed that there is vulnerability in these procedures, and it is essential to demand for focus scrutiny on the known error rates when such evidence is presented in trials. These kinds of bite marks are well documented; however, there has been little research in this field knowing that the protocols of analysis and comparison are the responsibility of the forensic odontologists. 相似文献
106.
Minli Zhang B.S. Qingzhen Zhang B.S. Qiong Wang B.S. Xiaoran Ding Ph.D. Liting Shao B.S. Zhe Zhou Ph.D. Shengqi Wang Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(3):824-828
DNA is often difficult to extract from old bones and teeth due to low levels of DNA and high levels of degradation. This study established a simple yet efficient method for extracting DNA from 20 aged bones and teeth (approximately 60 years old). Based on the concentration and STR typing results, the new method of DNA extraction (OM) developed in this study was compared with the PrepFiler? BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (BM). The total amount of DNA extracted using the OM method was not significantly different from that extracted using the commercial kit (p > 0.05). However, the number of STR loci detected was significantly higher in the samples processed using the OM method than using the BM method (p < 0.05). This study aimed to establish a DNA extraction method for aged bones and teeth to improve the detection rate of STR typing and reduce costs compared to the BM technique. 相似文献
107.
While type determination on bullets has been performed for over a century, type determination on cartridge cases is often overlooked. Presented here is an example of type determination of ejector marks on cartridge cases from Glock and Smith & Wesson Sigma series pistols using Naïve Bayes and Random Forest classification methods. The shapes of ejector marks were captured from images of test‐fired cartridge cases and subjected to multivariate analysis. Naïve Bayes and Random Forest methods were used to assign the ejector shapes to the correct class of firearm with success rates as high as 98%. This method is easily implemented with equipment already available in crime laboratories and can serve as an investigative lead in the form of a list of firearms that could have fired the evidence. Paired with the FBI's General Rifling Characteristics (GRC) database, this could be an invaluable resource for firearm evidence at crime scenes. 相似文献
108.
Nicholas Petraco M.S. D.A.B.C. ; Nicholas D.K. Petraco Ph.D. ; Lisa Faber M.S. ; Peter A. Pizzola Ph.D. D.A.B.C. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(2):353-358
Abstract: This paper presents how jewelry modeling waxes are used in the preparation of tool mark standards from exemplar tools. We have previously found that jewelry modeling waxes are ideal for preparing test tool marks from exemplar tools. In this study, simple methods and techniques are offered for the replication of accurate, highly detailed tool mark standards with jewelry modeling waxes. The techniques described here demonstrate the conditioning and proper use of jewelry modeling wax in the production of tool mark standards. The application of each test tool's working surface to a piece of the appropriate wax in a manner consistent with the tool's design is clearly illustrated. The resulting tool mark standards are exact, highly detailed, 1:1, negative impressions of the exemplar tool's working surface. These wax models have a long shelf life and are suitable for use in microscopic examination comparison of questioned and known tool marks. 相似文献
109.
Kathleen A. Kasper D.D.S. P.A. Dana Austin Ph.D. Alan H. Kvanli Ph.D. Tara R. Rios D.D.S. David R. Senn D.D.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2009,54(3):651-657
Abstract: Evaluating third molars from 950 Hispanic individuals aged 12–22 years using Demirjian’s schematic for crown and root formation found that Hispanic third molar development was 8–18 months faster than American Caucasians as reported by Mincer, Harris and Berryman in 1993. This represents a statistically significant increase. Earlier development was more apparent in the later stages F through H. Hispanic males reach developmental stages faster than Hispanic females and maxillary third molars reach developmental stages faster than mandibular third molars in both sexes. The earliest age observed for stages B–H (e.g., Stage H first observed at age 13.92 years in females) and the oldest age observed for Stages B–G were developed to facilitate age prediction of unknown individuals. Prediction tables for minimum and maximum age for an observed stage (e.g., if a female maxillary third molar is stage F it means she is older than 13 years) for each sex‐jaw group were calculated. 相似文献
110.
Saussereau E Lacroix C Cattaneo A Mahieu L Goulle JP 《Forensic science international》2008,180(1):54-57
The recovery of erased identification marks is a problem for the forensic scientist, particularly with respect to vehicles and firearms. The widely accepted procedure for steel imprints is to use Fry's reagent. The present study examined the possibility of forming a paste that may be easier to use. The paste proved to be as effective as liquid in most cases, and often gave better results. The ease of using the paste gives it distinct advantages over liquid reagent. 相似文献