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221.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e27-e28
The Ge.F.I. (the Italian Speaking Working Group of ISFG) has launched the first DNA Proficiency Test in 2012. The aim is to increase the external quality controls in forensic genetics in Italy and to drive to the standardizations of methods within the laboratories. Reference and mixed stains typing as well as statistical exercises were proposed and 26 laboratories submitted results. 相似文献
222.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e164-e165
Blood, saliva and semen are some of the forensically most relevant biological stains found at crime scenes. mRNA profiling is a reliable approach for the identification of the origin of an evidentiary trace. A stable set of markers and the knowledge about the effects of RNA degradation under different environmental conditions is necessary for the determination of an unknown biological stain. The aim of this work was to compare RNA degradation for human blood, semen and saliva at three different concentrations during a 1-year time period and exposed to dry and humid conditions. Also, this study addressed the question whether there are relevant differences in the efficiency of two RNA extraction methods. 相似文献
223.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e172-e173
Y-STR markers are a valuable tool in the analysis of biological traces in which a mixture of male and female trace material is to be expected. It is possible to generate a Y-chromosome DNA profile, even if all the prior sperm tests are negative and no sign of any male component is found in amelogenin. In 38 of a total of 239 sexual offences a perpetrator trace was identified solely using Y-STR analysis. Based on these findings, the Austrian National DNA Database was expanded to include Y-STRs in 2012 with the primary objective to identify serial sexual offences. 相似文献
224.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e174-e175
Five DNA extraction systems were assessed for their DNA extraction efficiency on samples of fresh pig bone. Four commercially available silica-based extraction kits (ChargeSwitch® gDNA Plant Kit (Life Technologies), DNA IQTM System Kit (Promega), DNeasy® Blood & Tissue Kit (Qiagen) and PrepFiler® BTA Forensic DNA Extraction Kit (Life Technologies)) and a conventional phenol-chloroform method were tested in this study. Extracted DNA samples were quantitated with GoTaq® qPCR Master Mix (Promega) using an Applied Biosystems® 7500 Real-Time PCR System and the extracts were amplified using an in-house multiplex system. The phenol-chloroform extraction produced higher yields of DNA than the silica-based extraction methods. Among the silica-based extractions ChargeSwitch® gDNA Plant Kit recovered the highest amounts of DNA. However, all methods produced DNA that could be amplified and none of the extracts contained any detectable inhibition. 相似文献
225.
《Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series》2013,4(1):e178-e179
The analysis of degraded DNA is one of the biggest challenges in forensic casework. SNPs, which can be amplified using small amplicons, have previously been successfully applied to the profiling of forensic evidence that could not be analyzed using conventional STRs. Here we selected the 52 SNPforID SNP markers, with amplicons that ranged in size from 59 bp to 115 bp, and used them to profile a range of casework samples from Malaysia. DNA degradation is a common problem in Malaysia due to the high temperatures and humidity. To carry out the study we modified the 52 SNPforID markers into four 13-plex SNaPshot assays to enable easier interpretation of profiles on the ABI PRISM® 310 and 3500.Fifty-one crime samples comprising bloodstains on cloth, swabs, and a mat and 2 swabs of trace DNA from 10 crime scenes in Malaysia were profiled after DNA extraction using a phenol–chloroform method. The samples were also subjected to STR analysis using the Powerplex® 16 system (Promega), which resulted in only 17 full profiles and 9 partial profiles; using SNPs, 36 full profiles and 5 partial profiles could be generated. 相似文献
226.
In Seok Yang Ph.D. Hwan Young Lee Ph.D. Woo Ick Yang Ph.D. Kyoung‐Jin Shin Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(4):972-980
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is a valuable tool in the fields of forensic, population, and medical genetics. However, recording and comparing mtDNA control region or entire genome sequences would be difficult if researchers are not familiar with mtDNA nomenclature conventions. Therefore, mtDNAprofiler, a Web application, was designed for the analysis and comparison of mtDNA sequences in a string format or as a list of mtDNA single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs). mtDNAprofiler which comprises four mtDNA sequence‐analysis tools (mtDNA nomenclature, mtDNA assembly, mtSNP conversion, and mtSNP concordance‐check) supports not only the accurate analysis of mtDNA sequences via an automated nomenclature function, but also consistent management of mtSNP data via direct comparison and validity‐check functions. Since mtDNAprofiler consists of four tools that are associated with key steps of mtDNA sequence analysis, mtDNAprofiler will be helpful for researchers working with mtDNA. mtDNAprofiler is freely available at http://mtprofiler.yonsei.ac.kr . 相似文献
227.
Han Chul Lee Ph.D. Se‐Yong Kim M.S. Jong Yeol Kim M.S. Seung Hwan Lee Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(4):989-992
Since the Korean criminal DNA database was launched in 2010, we have focused on establishing an automated DNA database profiling system that analyzes short tandem repeat loci in a high‐throughput and cost‐effective manner. We established a DNA database profiling system without DNA purification using a direct PCR buffer system. The quality of direct PCR procedures was compared with that of conventional PCR system under their respective optimized conditions. The results revealed not only perfect concordance but also an excellent PCR success rate, good electropherogram quality, and an optimal intra/inter‐loci peak height ratio. In particular, the proportion of DNA extraction required due to direct PCR failure could be minimized to <3%. In conclusion, the newly developed direct PCR system can be adopted for automated DNA database profiling systems to replace or supplement conventional PCR system in a time‐ and cost‐saving manner. 相似文献
228.
Upeka Samarakoon M.S. Steven R. Skoda Ph.D. Frederick P. Baxendale Ph.D. John E. Foster Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(1):173-178
Abstract: Immature blow flies (Calliphoridae) are typically the first colonizers of cadavers. Identification of the early instars using traditional, morphology‐based keys is difficult because of their small size, similarity, and simplicity in external morphology. Information derived from molecular genetic data would augment the accurate identification of immature flies. Nine species of blow flies commonly found in southeastern Nebraska were used to examine the utility of molecular‐based keys. Polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP) were investigated with 10 common, inexpensive, restriction enzymes from an amplicon of approximately 1500 bp spanning the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. A simple molecular taxonomic key, comprising RFLP from the restriction enzymes HinfI and DraI, enabled the differentiation of all species used. Further development of PCR–RFLP, including more extensive and intensive examination of blow flies, would benefit forensic laboratories in the accurate identification of evidence consisting of immature blow flies. 相似文献
229.
230.
As UK investment in forensic science has increased, the government has taken a fresh interest in how far this has led to dividends in terms of the detection of crime and its reduction. The Home Office funded 'Pathfinder Project' sought to monitor and document the complex relationships between the collection and use of forensic material (looking at a range of forensic science techniques) and its impact on crime detection. The project specifically targeted the 'volume' crimes of burglary and vehicle crime. Detailed data was gathered on all stages of the process between the collection and use of forensic material and crime detection. The model falls into two conceptual phases--scene attendance to suspect identification and identification to detection. From the analysis it was found that approximately one third of burglary and autocrime scenes are visited by SOCOs. While scientific identifications are only made in a minority of burglary and autocrime offences overall, it belies their importance. About one in ten of burglary and autocrime cases are cleared up by the police and it is estimated that fingerprints and SGMPlus were a contributory factor in achieving one third of these clear ups. 相似文献