网络消费者权益的法律保护

随着世界电子商务的快速发展,人们利用网络进行的消费越来越多,但是在网络中消费者的合法权益却经常遭受侵害,有关立法也相对滞后。我国在网络消费者权益保护方面还存在一系列问题,应该对这些问题采取有针对性的对策,从而为建立有效的网络消费者权益保护机制奠定基础。     

论影响力交易罪及我国相关立法完善

影响力交易罪是《联合国反腐败公约》中规定的一种犯罪。影响力交易罪与我国刑法相关犯罪有一定的交叉或重合,但仍有一些内容未被我国刑法所调整。我国《刑法修正案(七)(草案)对影响力交易行为作了进一步规范,但在贿赂犯罪的主体、贿赂的范围及有关限制条件等方面应该进行立法完善。     

Criminal Behavior: A Real Option Approach With an Application to Restricting Illegal Insider Trading

Traditionally, criminal behavior is analyzed within an expected utility framework. This paper offers an alternative model to analyze criminal behavior based on real option models. It is shown that all criminal decisions can be analyzed as real options, in a sense that they confer the possibility but not the obligation to commit a crime in the future. The criminal option model is a richer model compared to conventional economic models of crime, because it takes into account four additional variables. As such, the conventional economic analysis of crime is a special case of criminal option models. The criminal option model is then applied to the enforcement of illegal insider trading. Based on the six value-drivers of criminal options, an active management strategy can be developed for the criminal as well as for the legislator.     

Kyoto,Europe?—An Economic Evaluation of the European Emission Trading Directive

To meet its obligations accepted in the Kyoto Protocol cost effectively, the European Union introduces a scheme of Greenhouse Gas Allowance Trading for its member states. This paper evaluates the cost effectiveness, ecological accuracy and dynamic incentives of this approach.The EU-emissions trading constitutes an important shift in the paradigm of environmental policy, from command and control to a market based approach. Still, the EU-system does not fully realize the economic potential of the transferable discharge permit policy. Especially, the limited scope of trading regarding geography, pollutants, sectors and activities reduces the quality of the system. Moreover, the EU-Directive is unspecific in many respects and it leaves many decisions defining the rules of the game to the individual member state. Uncertainty and heterogeneity increase transaction cost and thereby hamper the effectiveness of the system.JEL Classification: Q54, Q58, K32     

俄白哈关税同盟的发展及其影响（英文）

In recent years, the Eurasian Economic Community has developed rapidly. Because of the special relationship between the SCO and the Customs Because Customs Union, the latter will inevitably exert some influence on the development of the former, but they are not fundamentally contradictory. Since the of the establishment of the Customs Union, the trade between China and the Customs Union members grows steadily.     

论“光大证券事件”中的期货内幕交易

光大证券在期货市场的交易行为是否构成内幕交易值得深究。从解释论的角度看,证监会的处罚没有说明为何光大证券属于内幕知情人,通过对《期货交易管理条例》第82条第12项的解释,应当认为光大证券作为期货投资者,不属于期货内幕知情人,因而不构成期货内幕交易;从英、美两国的规定看,无论是通过对期货内幕人范围的限定还是规定相应的抗辩事由,比较法上的经验都说明了并非利用重大非公开的信息都可构成内幕交易;分析期货市场的特殊性,可以发现期货市场的主要功能是套期保值,而套期保值者相比于投机者具有不可避免的市场信息优势,为了实现套期保值与市场的流动性,利用信息优势进行期货交易属于期货市场的惯常做法;"光大证券乌龙指事件"给资本市场造成了很大的冲击,但在我国期货监管机构以及交易所对该种异常情形缺乏规定的情况下,其利用信息优势进行套期保值,仍然属于该惯常做法的范围内;若监管机构拟对这类行为进行规制,应该事先制定例外规则,对特定类型的做空交易进行限制。     

后金融危机时代下的中国企业风险管理

近年来频发的套保案暴露出我国企业风险管理能力的缺失,ISDA近期公布的世界500强企业衍生品利用状况调查报告进一步显示出我国企业与国际水平的差距。本文认为金融危机强化了我国企业风险意识,并在比较各种风险管理工具的基础上提出期货是我国企业的最佳风险管理工具。最后,本文对我国企业如何利用期货进行风险管理进行了深入探讨。     

证券内幕交易民事责任功能质疑

在内幕交易中,内幕人的交易行为和公司内部信息不公开实际上有不同的受害者。内幕交易行为和投资者损失之间通常没有因果关系,投资者所遭受的损失主要来自市场信息风险。如果法律在技术上允许因果关系推定以便利民事诉讼,就应当限制内幕交易人的赔偿责任,没有理由将投资者的市场决策风险转嫁给事后被发现的内幕交易者。受调查能力等限制,民事诉讼在协助执法、威慑内幕交易方面的功能是极其有限的。通过不同方式加强公共尤其是行政执法是更有效率的政策选择。     

Financial intermediation in the securities markets law and economics of conduct of business regulation

The economic theory explains the role performed by intermediaries in financial markets. In securities markets, in particular, intermediaries act as facilitators of the financial exchange. In this context, conduct of business regulation is justified on the basis of structural problems of asymmetric information affecting the relationship between securities professionals and the individual investor.In this paper, two major conduct of business rules are analysed in the light of the kind of market imperfections they should be intended to address: the suitability and the anti-churning rules. From a functional perspective, the analysis merges major insights of financial theory with a comparative discussion of the legal rules in both the U.S. and the European Union. Law and economics approach to the matter leads to a much broader and more economically sound interpretation of the “churning” problem. This is related to an agency-based explanation of one of the most topical puzzles under debate in financial economics: the problem of noise trading.     

世界贸易组织面临的挑战与改革

世界贸易组织(WTO)自成立以来发展的历程从来都不是一帆风顺的。以WTO为代表的多边贸易体制在发展中面临着诸多严峻挑战,正处于十字路口。由于管辖范围不断向纵深发展、成员日益增多,WTO本身组织结构、决策机制等问题日益突出。西雅图会议的失败给WTO敲响了警钟。WTO应进行及时有效的改革,以崭新的面貌迎接新时代的挑战。