适用不方便法院原则与国民待遇原则的冲突与协调——以跨国知识产权诉讼为视角

跨国知识产权诉讼是当今各国对知识产权进行国际保护的主要途径.如何在知识产权保护的国际诉讼中遵循国民待遇原则,是知识产权国际保护的关键.由于跨国知识产权诉讼的复杂性、新颖性以及相关立法的滞后,造成了法院在审理相关案件时为片面追求司法任务的简单化,往往会拒绝外国原告的诉讼.不方便法院原则就成为拒绝当事人诉讼的最好理由,其中美国的做法最具有代表性.这与TRIPS协议等保护知识产权国际条约所确立的国民待遇原则相冲突.为给予国际知识产权流动以更多的保护与协调,各国应完善跨国知识产权管辖权体系,确立严格的适用不方便法院原则的标准.     

比例原则在道路交通管理执法中的运用

道路交通管理的行政权属于警察权的一部分,公安机关行使该权力时存在着很大的自由裁量性,同时也存在很多不完善之处.引进比例原则,对交通管理措施的适用加以合理限制,有利于更好地保障行政相对人的合法权益,也有助于合理发挥管理的效能.     

如何提高机动车交通事故责任纠纷案件调解率

目前,机动车交通事故责任纠纷日益增多,交通事故受害人因种种原因不能得到救助。为此,笔者以辽宁省某市交通事故处理方式为研究对象,探讨了交通事故理赔过程中存在的问题及原因,并从审判的视角提出建议和对策,以期能够引起关注,对进一步搞好涉及保险公司机动车交通事故赔偿纠纷的调解工作。     

探寻19802010年法院收案数的变化规律——兼谈对未来收案数变化趋势的展望和预测

虽然改革开放30年来人民法院案件数的年均递增速度高达10％以上,但人民法院的一审收案数和执行收案数并非始终保持着直线型上升发展态势,而是呈现出一种有升有降、升多降少的波浪型上升发展态势;经济的高速增长、城镇化水平不断提高、人民群众法治意识和维权意识不断增强是人民法院收案数30年来保持高速增长的根本原因,司法政策的变化更是促使人民法院收案数产生阶段性变化的核心因素;在当前相对较低的诉讼收费标准等因素刺激下,未来法院各类案件的收案数量仍将继续保持上升态势,但增速会低于过去30年来的平均增速。     

道路交通安全管理创新研究

当前,交通安全成为人们普遍关注的焦点,道路交通安全管理创新要多角度、全方位开展安全隐患排查和治理工作,确保道路交通健康运行;实行综合警务改革,创新道路交通管理勤务方式;加强智能交通建设,创新道路交通管理手段;加快规范化进程,体现非现场执法的效用。     

Judiciarisation de l’action publique en Suisse: analyse du contentieux administratif au Tribunal fédéral

Résumé: La judiciarisation de l’action publique demeure un champ de recherche peu exploré par les politologues suisses. Cette note de recherche étudie dès lors l’évolution des 79’752 affaires liquidées par le Tribunal fédéral, de 1990 à 2010, en matière administrative. Les résultats empiriques montrent que le contentieux administratif croît de 45% sur la période observée, principalement en matière d’assurances sociales. Nous observons toutefois des différences notables entre les domaines de politiques publiques et quant à la provenance cantonale des recours devant le Tribunal fédéral. Ces différences s’expliquent par l’influence conjointe de facteurs conjoncturels (par ex. la croissance économique), institutionnels (par ex. l’organisation judiciaire cantonale) et liés aux acteurs du système judiciaire (par ex. la densité d’avocats). En conclusion de cette analyse exploratoire, cinq pistes de recherche sont identifiées afin d’étudier plus finement l’ampleur du processus de judiciarisation et d’en évaluer les impacts sur les politiques publiques.     

交通管理中假、套牌车查处勤务模式的创新

勤务模式是警务工作效率的关键,信息时代道路交通安全管理警务模式要充分发挥社区警务和信息主导警务模式的优势,突出信息主导警务模式在当前社会环境下精确打击的功效,在交通安全管理实践中树立信息化理念,挖掘深层信息,加快警务相关信息的大融和,创新警务管理机制,提升警务行动效率。     

The Effects of Juvenile Transfer to Criminal Court on Incarceration Decisions

The present study examined the effects of institutional pressures on homeland security preparedness among law enforcement agencies in Illinois. The data come from the Illinois Homeland Security Survey (IHSS). Specifically, the study employed three theories to explain homeland security preparedness: contingency theory, resource dependence theory, and institutional theory. We hypothesized that institutional pressures will lead to isomorphism as agencies attempt to conform to institutional expectations about appropriate activities in a homeland security era. To evaluate these theories and their impact on homeland security practices, the authors used confirmatory factor analysis. The IHSS data lend strong support to the application of organizational theory as a lens through which homeland security preparedness can be understood. Institutional pressures, such as professional and government publications, training, professional associations, and the actions of peer agencies, significantly influenced municipal and county agencies in Illinois. Funding, while often thought important to encourage preparedness, was not a significant predictor. The results of this analysis advance our understanding of homeland security preparedness via institutional theory by suggesting that the larger environment is salient.     

Juvenile Court Context and Detention Decisions: Reconsidering the Role of Race,Ethnicity, and Community Characteristics in Juvenile Court Processes

The relationship between race/ethnicity, community dynamics, and juvenile court processes has long been established. Prior research has relied on city‐ or county‐level measures of community characteristics (e.g., racial composition, poverty) to examine how racial groups are processed within juvenile courts. To date, no study has utilized finer scale measures of geographic areas to examine how characteristics of juveniles’ communities impact court decisions. By utilizing official juvenile court data from a city in the southwest, this study draws upon attribution theory to examine how economic and crime community‐level measures directly and indirectly influence detention outcomes. Findings reveal that the effect of race and ethnicity in detention outcomes varies across communities, and the effect of ethnicity in detention decisions is mediated by economic community‐level measures. The theoretical and policy implications of the study findings are discussed.