论道路交通事故损害赔偿责任的归责原则

《中华人民共和国道路交通安全法》确立了过错责任和无过错责任两种不同的交通事故归责原则,但各地在执行道路交通安全法过程中,却缺乏统一、准确的把握。文章运用侵权法归责原则的理论,通过比较国外处理交通事故的归责原则,对我国道路交通事故责任承担的问题展开讨论,以求抛砖引玉。     

公安交通行政告知问题研究

告知程序是公安机关执法活动的必经程序,也是现代法治社会的必然要求。因此,公安交通行政告知具有重要意义,我们必须充分认识告知程序的重要性,并通过提高执法者的法律素质和执法水平,关注告知的手段和必要的方式,逐步完善和规范告知程序。     

论友情借用机动车肇事的赔偿责任主体

随着私用家庭轿车逐渐成为日常的交通工具,亲友、同事之间因一时之需而借用车辆之事常有发生。如何确定友情借用机动车肇事的责任主体,不仅在理论上有很大争议,而且也是交通事故赔偿案中的新难点。根据运行支配和运行利益的关联性理论,友情借用机动车发生交通事故应由借用人承担责任。     

Efficiency of 'Simple' Liability Rules When Courts Make Erroneous Estimation of the Damage

The literature on liability rules shows that the damage awards under a liability rule affect the efficiency of the rule. One crucial factor that could affect the damage awards and therefore the efficiency characteristics of liability rules is the error made by a court while estimating the harm suffered by the victims. In this paper efficiency property of what we label as 'simple' liability rules when courts make errors in estimation of the damage is studied in a unified framework. The paper provides a characterization of efficient simple liability rules and shows that the biased court errors act to change the efficiency characterization of simple liability rules. A necessary and sufficient condition for a simple liability rule to be efficient in the presence of upper-biased court errors is provided. The analysis is carried out in a quite general framework.     

基于TAPI的分布式交通信息呼叫中心的研究

本文介绍了一种交通信息的发布方式，构建分布式交通信息呼叫中心的方案。方案参照和使用了目前计算机网络和电话网络的标准接口协议TAPI，提出了基于TAP13．X建立交通信息呼叫中心的可行方案及其系统架构。     

SUBSTANCE-ABUSING FATHERS IN FAMILY COURT

Although all forms of substance abuse disproportionately affect men during early to middle adulthood, when many are fathering children, the status of substance-abusing men as parents is largely ignored in public policy, service delivery, and research exploring the consequences of chronic drug and alcohol abuse. In this review, the authors highlight issues of potential concern to professionals working with this poorly understood, negatively stereotyped population of fathers in family court settings. After reviewing the existing literature on substance-abusing fathers and their children, the authors challenge family court personnel to use (a) awareness of stereotyping, (b) clinical assessment, (c) the principles of therapeutic jurisprudence, and (d) treatment resources to minimize, as much as possible, the risk for poor developmental outcomes incurred by children with a substance-abusing father.     

Road Traffic and Efficient Fines

Road traffic is a typical example of an occupation with bilateral care and activity choices. In such a setting, common liability rules which simply divide damages cannot induce efficient outcomes. It is shown that fines for the violation of traffic regulations which depend on the occurrence of an accident can induce optimal behaviour. The properties of such efficient fines are derived. In particular, efficient fines tend to increase more than proportionally with the severity of an offence, while fines for repeat offenders can rise at a decreasing rate with the number of violations. To evaluate the scope for efficiency-enhancing reforms of fine systems, it is investigated whether actual regulations particularly for speeding conform to the non-proportionality requirement in selected European countries.     

警察出庭作证相关问题探讨

警察出庭作证是推进证人出庭作证制度完善的重要环节。警察出庭作证不仅有利于案件真实的发现和实体法律的正确适用,而且也是确立司法权威,实现程序正义的需要,因此,应尽快建立警察出庭作证制度。但由于警察身份的特殊性,在警察出庭作证的范围上应有一定的限制。     

严格责任在交通肇事罪中的适用

交通事故发生后当事人往往采取逃离事故现场,破坏现场,伪造现场,毁灭证据等行为,致使无法认定事故当事人的过错情况,给追究事故当事人责任带了极大的障碍,增加肇事者的侥幸心理。解决的对策是改变交通肇事罪中单纯适用过错责任的沿袭,对于违背现场保护义务人应适用严格责任来追究其刑事责任。同时,适用严格责任符合刑法的谦抑性要求,允许当事人自证其无过错以阻却其刑事责任,量刑应从轻。     

浅论构建和谐农村道路交通环境的有效途径

"和谐"体现在道路交通方面就是安全、有序、畅通,而这正是道路交通管理的目标和方向。因此,道路交通管理工作是构建社会主义和谐社会工程的一个不可或缺的重要分支。新一代党中央领导集体对"三农"问题高度关注,农村道路交通安全问题也随之成为当前的社会焦点,因为它关系到占全国人口三分之二的农村群众的贴身利益,关系到整个社会的稳定,进而影响到构建和谐社会的进程。保障农村道路交通安全、促进农村道路交通和谐发展,不仅是道路交通管理工作的重中之重,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的重要环节。