Methods for Understanding and Analyzing NIBRS Data

The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) is an incident-basedcrime reporting program for local, state, and federal law enforcementagencies. Within each criminal incident, NIBRS captures information onoffenses, victims, offenders, property, and persons arrested, as well asinformation about the incident itself. The ability to link and analyze thisdetailed information is a significant improvement to the existing UniformCrime Reporting (UCR) summary reporting system. As one might expect,however, this increase in crime data significantly complicates the life ofthe data analyst, particularly when cross tabulating the NIBRS data. To dealwith the complexity of NIBRS data, one must understand its structure. Thisarticle provides an overview of the NIBRS structure and methods formaneuvering within it to present and interpret correctly cross tabulationsof the NIBRS data.     

论公安教育的审美需要

公安教育的审美需要与思想政治教育同样重要,首先公安教育的目的是培养合格的人民警察。在治安形势严峻的今天,人民警察的审美需要也就是公安教育的重要内容;其次审美教育有助于人民警察深入的了解各种犯罪的内在生成因素;第三,审美教育对培养人民警察健全的人格有着不可或缺的重要作用。     

黑社会性质组织犯罪的经济分析

黑社会性质组织犯罪的本质特征在于以违法犯罪的手段对内进行人身控制,对外进行经济控制。要有效地惩罚和预防黑社会犯罪,必须提高黑社会性质组织犯罪的预期刑罚成本,提高由于刑罚带来的机会成本的损失,并且通过实施社会效益最大化的公共政策,争取以最小的成本,取得最大的控制犯罪的收益。     

犯罪概念形式与实质的理论建构

犯罪概念的形式与实质,是刑法理论犯罪界说的焦点,并且由此涉及到对于罪刑法定原则的贯彻。在刑法规范的框架内,犯罪的形式界定与实质界定并不是冲突的;大陆法系、英美法系犯罪成立条件的形式也贯穿着实质的判断。犯罪实质与形式的划分,既是立法实际的复写,也是理论分析的必要。行为的犯罪评价可以通过肯定判断与否定判断来具体实现。基于犯罪的“形式与实质双面统一”的理念,犯罪概念与罪刑法定原则具有形式与内容的统一。     

二层次四要件犯罪构成论——兼议正当化行为的体系地位

以解决正当化行为在犯罪论体系中地位不定,及其与犯罪构成关系不明为突破口;以反映定罪过程、权力与权利的平衡以及对抗制的诉讼程序特点为价值立场;兼顾中国已有的理论与实务情况,主张在我国犯罪构成论的应有结构为两层次四要件犯罪构成结构.此即:第一层次,三个要件,依次为犯罪客观要件、犯罪主体要件和犯罪主观要件;第二层次为犯罪客体一个要件,其中,正当化行为等作为排除犯罪客体的事由在此纳入犯罪构成要件之中.无此事由,犯罪即告成立.     

公安交警大队开展辖区交通安全评价与分析研究

公安交警大队开展辖区交通安全评价与分析是预防道路交通事故的重要措施之一,然而以交通事故四项指数为主的评价指标已经不能对现实的交通安全实际状况进行客观反映,也不能为道路交通安全科学决策提供有力的支持。文章对公安交警大队开展交通安全评价工作过程中评价体系的建立与分析进行了研究,希望能有效地提高交通安全管理工作的效能,同时提高道路交通事故预防工作的针对性和有效性。     

The natural history of extended co-offending

Most criminal acts are committed in very small groups or alone, and are repeated sporadically. But that is not always the case. Co-offending can include larger groups, cooperating sequentially or simultaneously, knowing each other or at least knowing about one another. We may use the term “extended co-offending” to subsume varieties of crime organization, crime networks, gangs, and criminal clusters. Extended co-offending also includes vaguely organized crime repetitions, and is a matter of degree. Criminal cooperation can be extended in time, space, numbers of persons involved, and types of criminal action. The extension process has a very wide span of possibilities. Drawing ideas from Max Weber and others, this paper suggests that the natural history of criminal cooperation progresses in four stages, with steeply decreasing prevalence: (1) primordial clusters of offenders, (2) small-scale charismatic leadership of offenders, (3) a medium-scale patrimonial system of offenders, and (4) and an extended patrimonial system of criminal cooperation. Primordial co-offending occurs on a very local level, with little or no hierarchy or systematic repetition. Extended criminal cooperation usually requires personal trust among offenders, favoring patrimony over formal organization.     

想象的数罪还是实质的数罪——论想象竞合犯应当数罪并罚

想象竞合犯具有多个犯罪的社会危害性,对其“从一重罪”处断不能实现罪刑公正。当一个自然行为蕴含多个危害行为的意义时,构成多个危害行为的竞合,其实质是危害行为的复数。行为竞合的概念,在理论上不仅可能,而且正当。想象竞合犯实质上是复数危害行为的竞合,该复数危害行为分别符合复数的犯罪构成,属于实质的数罪。应当对想象竞合犯数罪并罚,这不仅是其罪数本质的要求,也是罪刑法定、罪刑公正的要求。     

论“对外国公职人员、国际公共组织官员行贿罪”

贿赂外国公职人员、国际公共组织官员罪是《联合国反腐败公约》所确立的国际犯罪,为打击这种具有广泛危害性的商业腐败犯罪,我国《刑法修正案（八）》增设对外国公职人员、国际公共组织官员行贿罪,从国外相关的立法经验和《公约》相关规定来看,本罪在立法上还有很多不足和应当完善之处。     

城市农民工犯罪与社会治理

城市农民工是城市中的特殊群体,他们在城市发展中扮演着非常重要的角色。但由于受制度歧视,社会保障机制不完善,导致失业严重,加之自身素质低下,造成城市农民工的犯罪活动频繁发生,并以侵财型、犯罪数额少、季节性和团伙性为主要特征,这势必会影响到社会稳定。只有政府转变观念,消除制度歧视,建立涵盖城市农民工的社会保障体系;严格劳动法律法规的实施;加强农民工教育。这样,才能改善农民工的社会地位及生存状况,才能从根本上抑制农民工犯罪。