成文法、习惯法与传统中国社会中的土地流转

本文详细考察了宋代至清代有关土地的成文法和习惯法的发展情况 ,在此基础上 ,对成文法和习惯法在农村土地流转方面所造成的影响进行了分析 ,指出习惯法的长期存在是由于其能够起到降低契约达成和执行中的交易费用的作用。同时本文还就法律制度中所反映的土地所有权和使用权思想进行了总结     

A Transaction Cost Approach to the Autonomization of Government Organizations: A Political Transaction Cost Framework Confronted with Six Cases of Autonomization in the Netherlands

The aim of this paper is to explore the relevance of some important aspects of transaction cost economics (TCE) to a better understanding and explanation of the autonomization of government organizations. As TCE, with its focus on economic efficiency, was basically developed for the profit sector, its main concepts have to be adapted for the public sector. This paper presents a 'political transaction cost' framework which emphasizes 'political rationality' and 'political efficiency'. TCE's main concepts—the transaction characteristics specificity, frequency/scale and uncertainty and its assumptions about human behaviour, i.e. bounded rationality and opportunism,—are discussed for politically governed organizations and they are related to autonomization. The results of exploratory case research into six government organizations in the Netherlands suggest that such factors as bounded rationality, opportunism, political efficiency, and social institutions may have played an important part in the autonomization of the organizations involved. It seems that strictly economic aspects were less relevant whenever a decision to autonomize was taken and a specific form of autonomization was chosen.     

威廉姆森纵向一体化理论及其对我国企业改革的启示

威廉姆森是美国新制度经济学派的主要代表人物之一。他采取信息分析和经济组织交易成本的比较制度研究方法,并运用于产业组织理论与政策方面的分析中,揭示了企业作为一种治理结构相对于市场失效的各个方面的优势,阐述了产业组织发展的一般性规律及结构决定的原因。威廉姆森的分析对美国产业组织的公共政策产生了积极的影响,对我国产业和企业组织发展具有借鉴意义。     

集体林地流转限制的合理性和合法性分析——基于林农生存保障和生态保护的思考

集体林地资源承载着多重的社会、经济和生态价值。以集体林地资源所赋有的社会、经济和生态效益为价值坐标,集体林权改革中,集体林地的流转应当通过国家立法和政策对集体林地流转的范围、流转主体、流转期限和流转之后的经营活动进行合理的限制,以真正发挥集体林地在提高林农生活水平和增强国家生态效益方面的双重功能。     

Municipal Service Delivery: The Role of Transaction Costs in the Choice between Alternative Governance Mechanisms

Service provision by local governments can be delivered using in-house bureaucracies, private firms, and partnerships with other governments or the not-for-profit sector. This production decision has been a major focus of discussion among scholars, practitioners and political agents for the last quarter of a century. The transaction costs framework is an important tool to analyse decisions regarding the production of local services. In this paper, the authors employ this framework to analyse service delivery in Portugal and find that service characteristics and the local political environment play a key role in local officials' choice among the three governance mechanisms to deliver public services.     

小麦主产区农村土地流转现状调查与研究

该文通过对河南、山东、河北、安徽四省的实地调研,阐述了小麦主产区农村土地流转现状,即土地流转能使农民收入迅速增加,且流转价格在不断上涨,非经济因素阻碍农户流转出土地,经济因素阻碍农户流转入土地。同时小麦主产区农村土地流转也存在一些问题,土地流转周期短,难以实现规模化流转,承载土地流转的主体缺失,缺少中介服务组织,农业补贴主体混乱不清,“非粮化”程度严重等。     

城镇化中的农地产权改革法律路径思考

囿于意识形态的认识与经验的不足,与其他产业领域的改革相比,中国农村基本经济制度的改革是相对滞后的,为了进一步改革农村基本经济制度,解放农村土地的生产力,特别是化解农民权益与农地权属的矛盾等问题,中国农地产权制度的改革除了需要进行稳定角度的考量外,还需要以创新的法律思维探索立法,以保护适合中国农村的土地流转制度,避免产生农地流转“大跃进”式的推广模式,充分保护农民在土地流转中的合法权益。     

水资源市场化的物权法审视

以水权交易为主要内容的水资源市场在水资源短缺和分配不均的背景下发挥的作用日益明显。自然资源所有权物权化的研究趋势对传统水权的权利属性有更为清晰的分析。水资源市场化的实现需要法律的规范和限制。物权法视角下解析水资源的用益物权属性,是水资源市场化得以真正落实的必要前提。通过物权法的理念和原则审视和规范水资源市场的交易和转让行为,为可交易水权的有效实现的研究提供了新视角。     

尾市交易操纵行为的法律责任研究

近年来,尾市交易操纵行为愈演愈烈,对我国证券法律法规及市场监管提出一次又一次挑战,对证券市场造成极大破坏,严重损害了广大投资者的合法利益。这种情况很大程度上归责于我国对证券市场操纵法律责任体系的失衡,因此对该体系完善刻不容缓。而我国在这方面的理论研究和实务践行方面还不深入,因此必须借鉴美国、日本等国家完善的证券法律责任制度,以构建适合我国国情的证券市场操纵行为法律责任制度。     

论排污权交易失灵与可持续发展法的干预

排污权交易是近年来国内外的热点话题,我国政府曾针对排污权交易广泛实践,在科学研究、试点、管理等方面做了大量的工作,并取得了可观的成绩和经验。但是,对该交易潜在的失灵鲜有提及,缺乏及时和必要的立法准备。本文试图结合这一现状进行探索性的研究,以抛砖引玉,与同行探讨。