EXAMINING THE GENETIC UNDERPINNINGS TO MOFFITT'S DEVELOPMENTAL TAXONOMY: A BEHAVIORAL GENETIC ANALYSIS*

In recent years, criminological research has observed an increase in studies examining different offending trajectories. Much of this research has been guided by Moffitt's (1993) developmental taxonomy of life‐course persistent offenders, adolescence‐limited offenders, and abstainers. Moffitt (1993) argued that the etiologies of these different pathways could be traced to several biosocial factors, including perhaps genetic factors. To date, research has failed to address this possibility directly. The current study addressed this gap in the literature by examining the extent to which genetic factors explain variance in different offending patterns. Analysis of sibling pairs (N = 2,284; ages spanned between 11 and 27 years) drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) revealed that genetic factors contributed significantly to being classified in each of the different offending patterns. Specifically, genetic factors explained between 56 and 70 percent of the variance in being classified as a life‐course persistent offender across different coding strategies, 35 percent of the variance in being classified as an adolescence‐limited offender, and 56 percent of the variance in being classified as an abstainer. We discuss the importance of integrating genetics into future studies examining offending trajectories.     

论中国社会转型期行政机关法律意识的变迁

随着中国社会转型期政治、经济的大力发展,社会各主体的法律意识也发生了巨大的变迁。其中行政机关法律意识的变迁可以概括为三个主要方面：在行政理念方面的变迁表现为从“行政法制”转变为“行政法治”;在官民地位方面的变迁表现为从“民告官”到“官告民”：在执法方式方面的变迁表现为从重实体、轻程序转变为实体与程序并重。     

声纹鉴定中普通话音素间过渡方式特征研究

不同人所讲的普通话语流中相邻音素间的过渡方式分为不同的类型。音节内辅音-元音之间、音节间元音-辅音之间的过渡方式分为清晰过渡(或停顿过渡)和模糊过渡(或缓冲过渡)两种类型;音节内元音-辅音之间的过渡方式分为间断过渡和连续过渡两种类型;音节内元音-元音之间的过渡方式分为平滑过渡、间断过渡、交错过渡和异变过渡四种类型。对同一人的发音而言,不论其相邻音素间的过渡方式属于上述哪种类型,都表现出较强的自身同一性。因此音素间的过渡方式可以作为声纹鉴定中的一类特征。     

社会转型时期利益表达机制的构建

有社会便有纠纷,于是人民群众迫切需要防止和解决纠纷场所、机构、程序以及有关的规则。社会转型时期,出现了一些激进的、非制度的甚至带有暴力倾向的利益诉求方式,很大程度上影响了我国民主的发展和政治的稳定。需认真分析利益诉求的现状、诉求渠道存在的主要问题,构建新型利益表达机制。     

风险时代的秩序重建与法治信念——以“能动司法”为对象的讨论

转型时期中国社会呈现高风险状态。在民众中确立新的共同价值观和实现社会治理模式的规则之治是风险控制与秩序重建的两个基点。能动司法的出现回应了转型时期风险控制、秩序重建的需要,因而获得高度的政治合法性。能动应有之意包括:通过裁判确立风险社会的法治信念,重建社会共享价值体系;通过始终如一的适用法律,实现社会治理模式向规则之治转型;完善民众参与司法机制,让司法成为第一块公共领域。能动司法应当建立在对司法的本质属性与时代使命的准确把握基础上,在政治功能与审判职能之间保持必要的张力和平衡。     

优化城市治安防范体系 创新警务管理模式——大连市社会管理创新的理论与实践研究

文章从非平衡和可拓分析的角度分析了在治安防范体系中推行信息效能特点以及警务转换桥机制,提出在社会管理创新的需求牵引下,要想使城市治安防范体系在改革与创新中获得时效,必须解决警务管理中的不相容问题。文中论述了危机意识、信息效能、学习精神和警务模式在其中的作用,提出了一些有待研究的课题。     

从革命党到执政党的转型——中共八大到十七大党代会报告及历届党章文本分析

经历了九十年的风雨激荡,中国共产党在时代的洪流中实践着自身的逐步转型.中国共产党从革命党到执政党的转型问题一直以来都是学界讨论的焦点问题.转型的逻辑、方式与表现都深刻地影响着中国政治道路的选择与国家的发展.从中共执政之后的历次党代会报告内容以及历届党章的文本分析中,找出中共转型的基本表征,理解中共转型的基本框架.     

Psychological adjustment in a forensic sample: relationship with approach- and avoidance-coping typologies

Most studies that relate coping strategies with psychological symptoms usually consider a single coping dimension. This means that interpretation of the results is unclear and only partially true as subjects activate different types of coping strategies simultaneously when faced with a stressor. The objective of the present study is to analyze the relationships between coping and psychopathology in young inmates, taking into account the number of approach and avoidance answers simultaneously. The results show that the inmates with above-average scores in avoidance coping and below average in those of approach (coping responses inventory--adult form, [CRI-A]) show higher symptomatology (MMPI-2) than the inmates who obtain above-average scores in both avoidance and approach strategies. It can be deduced that it is not the high use of avoidance coping that is related to psychopathology, but rather the combined use of many avoidance strategies and few approach strategies. The convenience of jointly taking into account both types of coping is discussed.     

经济发展方式转变的数理逻辑与系统思考

本文围绕加快转变经济发展方式是我国当前经济工作的紧迫任务、科技进步促进经济发展方式转变的历史回顾、科技创新优化经济发展方式的现实比较、经济发展方式转变的数理逻辑与阶段特征和加快我国区域经济发展方式转变的路径选择等方面对转变经济发展方式问题进行了分析,并探讨了我国当前区域经济发展的阶段性特征及其发展规律。