论主体哲学思想在私法中的反映

在经历了古希腊时代的萌芽和中世纪的挫折之后,主体哲学思想在近代终于以认知主体性的形式表现出来。认知主体性思想强调人的独立自主、自我决定、个体自由、自我意识、自为自觉、自由意志和能动创造。主体哲学思想作为私法的哲学基础,相应地体现在从古罗马法到近代私法,再到现代私法的主体制度当中。     

Humanitarian symbolic exchange: extending Responsibility to Protect through individual and local engagement

Moral common sense frames the relationship between privileged and at-risk populations underpinning contemporary Responsibility to Protect (R2P) discourse. This article develops an alternative by considering the relationship between archetypes of would-be rescuers and victims through Jean Baudrillard’s theorisation of symbolic exchange. Baudrillardian analysis connects personal morality and affective intersubjective symbolic exchange with the politics of international order. This leads, first, to an argument that current foundations for advocating R2P risk participating in a problematic moral economy of symbolic exchange between would-be rescuers and victims. Nonetheless, and secondly, the article deploys symbolic exchange to develop suggestions for partially re-figuring R2P’s humanitarian impulse by engaging ‘locally’ – both through one’s self (in the ethical relation suggested by Emmanuel Levinas) and with diverse forms of political order (following Jacques Rancière’s conception of politics). Doing so supports moves to engage a wide array of individual actors in a more interactive and less hierarchical form of R2P, to drive deeper consideration of local complexities of R2P through engagement with diverse local forms of political order, and to develop a more inclusive understanding of ‘humanity’ in order to bolster R2P’s normative foundations.     

The (non) event of state terror: drones and divine violence

In this article, we interrogate how the logic of the drone reconfigures state terrorism through the politics of (in)visibility. We argue that the everyday life of the drone can be both dull and disastrous, and thus demonstrates how state and non-state terror operate around different logics of visibility and witnessing. Enhanced sight and interpretation of data wrought by drones are distinct from the politicised act of witnessing. State terrorism, however, benefits from the privatisation and depoliticisation of the witnessing of the event through a minimisation of those who appear “visible”. Further, through the language of technology and security, drones help to classify the witnessing of the event. The event produces terror without witness, and without premonition, invoking the omnipresent power of god and thus blending divine retribution with profane catastrophe. We claim that state terror seeks to: (1) limit the exposure of the state to the act of witnessing and remembrance; and (2) through the ethos of privatisation, legalistically control the narrative of violence. In our conclusion, we discuss the implications of warfare in relation to (in)visibility, memory and drones.     

犯罪构成体系平面化之批判

以主客观相统一的定罪原则为基础,我国刑法形成了主客观有机统一的犯罪构成理论;基于辩证唯物主义全面联系视角对有机统一的解答,导致了犯罪构成体系的平面化。平面化犯罪论体系存在着似是而非与规范说理缺失、定罪过程中的主观化与入罪化、无法应对实践需求以及主客观要素混淆等诸多理论与实践问题。我国刑法应该摒弃泛而论之的主客观相统一原则及平面化犯罪构成体系。以客观主义为立场、以明确界分客观与主观要素为内容、以阶层化为结构的犯罪论体系,应该是今后我国犯罪论体系的探讨方向。考虑到违法与有责在当今刑法理论中与构成要件符合性判断的融合趋势,以违法和有责为支点构建二阶层的犯罪论体系应该是反制平面化犯罪构成体系的最好出路。     

Diasporic citizenship and militarization: Punjabi soldiers in the world wars

This article delves into the uses of history and examines how the enlisting of Indian soldiers – particularly from Punjab – into the British Indian Army during the First and Second World Wars has been memorialized and remembered in contemporary Britain. This issue has become particularly salient in the light of the politics of the so-called ‘war on terror’ or ‘new imperialism’, which Paul Gilroy and Vron Ware argue has heightened tendencies towards militarism in British society. Using examples from the public sphere – remembrance day events, TV documentaries and army recruitment fairs – as well as interview material, I argue that Britain's Punjabi communities have been organizing in order to weave themselves into the national tapestry by memorializing role played by Punjabis in the First and Second World Wars – iconic to the national fantasy, using this forgotten history to demand recognition from the state and stake a claim for citizenship. In the ‘new imperialism’, however, it is not equally possible for Sikh and Muslim Punjabis to argue for their inclusion on the terms of militarized citizenship, and the various chords within the diaspora seem to be increasingly disharmonious, effacing their composite and shared colonial history.     

The politics of the culture of control: undoing genealogy

The third volume of David Garland's trilogy attempts to characterize recent developments in the field of crime control and criminal justice in terms of the emergence of a ‘culture of control’. For these purposes the author claims to use the genealogical method developed by Michel Foucault. This essay argues that Garland's selective reliance on this method amounts to an undoing of the Foucauldian ‘project’ insofar as it re-introduces the objectivity/subjectivity dichotomy which Foucault had tried to subvert throughout his work. This undoing entails profound consequences for the politics of The Culture of Control, which concludes on a reformist proposition that forsakes a form of resistance grounded on the awareness of its own, intrinsic limitations.     

国际私法的主体性建构与国际私法立法——理想和现实之间的紧张与疏解

国际私法主体性可以在本体论意义、认识论意义和价值论意义等三个层面上进行界说,它不仅包含对中国国际私法理论和实践现状的反思,也隐含了对中国国际私法理论和实践现状理想状态的勾勒,以及对理想与现状之间的紧张关系的疏解。主体性缺位正是造成国际私法在立法期未能取得突破的重要原因之一。     

民族国家观念的建构与女性个体国民身份确立之间的关系

近代中国的女权运动与民族主义运动是现代性追求的两个侧面。文章首先分析了“天赋人权”观和“民族国家”理念的内在逻辑,论证“天赋人权观”和“民族国家观念”内在地包含着女性个体身份确立的要求,其构建和传播过程为近代女权运动开拓了新的话语空间。其次,分析观念传播和话语建构的过程,分析男性和女性话语的共性和差异性。认为近代女权主义者策略性地使用了男性主流话语和国家主义的女权逻辑,同时,女性通过构建“同为国民,同担责任”的话语和“同担责任”的行动确立了女性的主体身份和彰显了女性的主体性和能动性。     

马克思实践主体哲学与人类中心主义

实践性与主体性是马克思哲学的基本特征。实践主体哲学意境中的人类中心主义既坚持人类利益是人行为的出发点和最终归宿,又强调人在处理人类与自然矛盾中的主体性道德责任。     

从主体性到关系性:人权论证的范式转向

人权是时代的观念。通过分析人权的概念要素可以看到,尽管人权争议源于对人的理解不同而体现为人权性质上的争议,但在根本上则在于,它们都属于一种主体性哲学框架下的人权论证理论,从而具有不可避免的缺陷。对人权正当性的追问必然要求实现人权论证的范式转向,即从主体性转向关系性。从关系性视角来论证人权尽管源于青年黑格尔,但只是到当代才由哈贝马斯立足交往行动理论作出了系统的阐明。在实践上,人权论证的关系论转向对进一步深化与推动人权具有重要的意义。