论主体哲学思想在私法中的反映

在经历了古希腊时代的萌芽和中世纪的挫折之后,主体哲学思想在近代终于以认知主体性的形式表现出来。认知主体性思想强调人的独立自主、自我决定、个体自由、自我意识、自为自觉、自由意志和能动创造。主体哲学思想作为私法的哲学基础,相应地体现在从古罗马法到近代私法,再到现代私法的主体制度当中。     

Humanitarian symbolic exchange: extending Responsibility to Protect through individual and local engagement

Moral common sense frames the relationship between privileged and at-risk populations underpinning contemporary Responsibility to Protect (R2P) discourse. This article develops an alternative by considering the relationship between archetypes of would-be rescuers and victims through Jean Baudrillard’s theorisation of symbolic exchange. Baudrillardian analysis connects personal morality and affective intersubjective symbolic exchange with the politics of international order. This leads, first, to an argument that current foundations for advocating R2P risk participating in a problematic moral economy of symbolic exchange between would-be rescuers and victims. Nonetheless, and secondly, the article deploys symbolic exchange to develop suggestions for partially re-figuring R2P’s humanitarian impulse by engaging ‘locally’ – both through one’s self (in the ethical relation suggested by Emmanuel Levinas) and with diverse forms of political order (following Jacques Rancière’s conception of politics). Doing so supports moves to engage a wide array of individual actors in a more interactive and less hierarchical form of R2P, to drive deeper consideration of local complexities of R2P through engagement with diverse local forms of political order, and to develop a more inclusive understanding of ‘humanity’ in order to bolster R2P’s normative foundations.     

Philosophy of Law Against Sovereignty: New Excesses,Old Fragmentations

The only way of entering the world of ‘fragmented law’ (or ‘societal constitutionalism’) is arguably to make normative fragmentation correspond with constituent excess. As Foucault would say, once we are involved in an ‘epistemic crisis’, we must then modify those systems that organise knowledge in conjunction with the very forms that produce it. This contribution considers some privileged forms of critique and reconstruction beyond normative fragmentation and essentially argues in favour of governance dynamics, as well as for ontological devices engaged in the production of subjectivity.

犯罪构成体系平面化之批判

以主客观相统一的定罪原则为基础,我国刑法形成了主客观有机统一的犯罪构成理论;基于辩证唯物主义全面联系视角对有机统一的解答,导致了犯罪构成体系的平面化。平面化犯罪论体系存在着似是而非与规范说理缺失、定罪过程中的主观化与入罪化、无法应对实践需求以及主客观要素混淆等诸多理论与实践问题。我国刑法应该摒弃泛而论之的主客观相统一原则及平面化犯罪构成体系。以客观主义为立场、以明确界分客观与主观要素为内容、以阶层化为结构的犯罪论体系,应该是今后我国犯罪论体系的探讨方向。考虑到违法与有责在当今刑法理论中与构成要件符合性判断的融合趋势,以违法和有责为支点构建二阶层的犯罪论体系应该是反制平面化犯罪构成体系的最好出路。     

克尔凯郭尔关于孤独个体的思想研究

孤独个体是克尔凯郭尔思想的一个重要范畴,它既指对人自身的限制性和扩展性因素进行综合的关系,也指单独存在的个人。前者强调孤独个体的生存不是一个有本质的存在实体,而是一个生成着的建构过程;后者强调孤独个体并不存在于理性的普遍性中,而是闭锁在个人的主观性和内向性中,即生存在极端情绪化体验的个性中。     

论认识的主体性来源：从康德到黑格尔到马克思

康德揭示了认识的主体性是基于先天具有的认识形式。黑格尔阐述了主客体的双向运动。马克思指出认识的主体性来源于实践。     

"文如其人"与"潘岳现象"

文学创作是最不具有遮掩性的“欲盖弥彰”的“人格控制”活动,是最自由、最全面地表现创作主体的本质,最充分、最完满地展示其主体性的精神创作活动。文学创作的主体性首先表现为创作主体的主导性,呈现出“文如其人”的基本情状;同时也体现为创作主体的精神超越性,导致了“潘岳现象”的发生。创作主体的现实人格与其在作品中体现出的艺术人格有基本的一致性,也有某种程度的区别与距离。“潘岳现象”不是对“文如其人”的否定,而是文学创作的主体精神超越性的生动体现。     

论历史发展的主体性和客观性

主体实践活动的能动性与受动性的统一、合目的性与合规律性的统一、价值尺度与客观尺度的统一、自由与必然的统一是分析和提示社会历史发展的主体性和客观性本质,正确理解社会历史发展过程的钥匙,哲学不能只讲客观性而不讲主体性,也不能只讲主体性不讲客观性。     

The Ethic of Care, Female Subjectivity and Feminist Legal Scholarship

The object of this essay is to explore the central role played by the ‘ethic of care’ in debates within and beyond feminist legal theory. The author claims that the ethic of care has attracted feminist legal scholars in particular, as a means of resolving the theoretical, political and strategic difficulties to which the perceived ‘crisis of subjectivity’ in feminist theory has given rise. She argues that feminist legal scholars are peculiarly placed in relation to this crisis because of their reliance on the social ‘woman’ whose interests are the predominant concern of feminist legal engagement. With the problematisation of subjectivity, the object of feminist legal attention disappears and it is in attempts to deflect the negative political consequences of this that the ethic of care has been invoked, the author argues, unsuccessfully. The essay concludes with suggestions as to how the feminist project in law might proceed in the wake of the crisis of subjectivity and the failure of the ethic of care to resolve it. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

More than a Woman? Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Medical Law

This article examines law’s representation of embodied female identity in the context of two medical law cases, R. v. Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority, ex parte Blood andB v. Croydon Health Authority. Through an examination of contemporary critiques of female embodiment, in particular the work of Judith Butler, two discursive strategies are suggested for their potential to reconfigure the sexed subject within legal discourse. Firstly, the act of transgression – the flight from purportedly fixed subject positions – can be read in the case of Bloodand calls into question law’s ability to contain and sustain sexed identity as prediscursive and immutable. Secondly, the exposure of the historical formation of the female subjects of legal discourse, demonstrated through a genealogical reading of B v. Croydon Health Authority, contributes to the feminist theoretical project to destabilise traditional gender categories and enables us to think beyond the category of ‘Woman’. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.