主体性问题研究的转向与范式选择

通过对我国哲学界十余年主体性问题综合研究的学术历史考察,在全面分析主题性问题研究转向客观进程的基础上,进一步提出研究的范式选择,以促使现实中关于人的主体性问题的研究更加深化和规范化。 本文不是对人之主体性之直接的反思,而是对人之主体性之反思的反思。     

犯罪指向数额的价值分析

刑法关于犯罪数额的规定较为复杂,不同罪名中数额的具体内涵和表现形式不同,不同种类的数额在定罪量刑上的意义也有所差异。行为人的犯罪指向数额与犯罪实际数额时常发生冲突,事实证明一概将犯罪实际数额作为定罪量刑依据,不免有失公允,有必要对犯罪指向数额的价值予以关注,并恰当应用到司法实践当中,使主客观相统一原则落到实处。     

宪政语境下的公民主体性法理分析——兼析中国宪政语境下的“国家—市民社会”范式的历史逻辑缺陷

学界对宪政主义与市民社会的引入与研究普遍地存在割裂了西方语境下的宪政主义与市民社会的历史逻辑链条的问题,它忽视了公民主体性这个宪政发展与市民社会构成的基础性与结构性的要件。现代宪政意味着权力自身的矛盾运动,它需要对权力的矛盾运动予以限制和控制以使得其在理性的轨道中运行。权力精英之间的权力博弈在现代宪政中是必不可少的,但是这种权力博弈如果没有具有主体性的公民组成的成熟市民社会的参与,那么它就可能导致宪政体系的崩溃。     

Freedom and Sovereignty a Fatal Relationship Outlined with Jean-Luc Nancy and Marquis De Sade

Sovereignty and freedom are interlinked in a manner of both ambivalence and interdependence. Neither can sovereignty confirm itself without presupposing for itself a pure state of freedom; nor can freedom conceive and realise itself without interweaving with sovereignty. Both concepts collide with each other as sovereignty usually signifies a certain social or cultural power or order; and freedom regularly is related to a sovereign subjectivity. Therefore, the question is: how far might sovereignty serve as a source of freedom that, at the same time, has to be limited by this freedom itself. When the sovereign (subject) defines where the limits of freedom are, he will mostly define the limits of experiencing such freedom for all those who have to follow his decision on the limit. Further, if the free (sovereign) subject itself defines its own limits, it will supposedly end up rejecting its interweaving with any other subjectivity beyond its own. The problem remains: both sovereignty and freedom cannot be realised if they are already limited.     

20世纪80年代文学主体性论争 --作为中国当代文论发展史的解读

"文学主体性论争"集聚了中国当代文论变革的核心理论问题,对当代文论多元态势的启动和推进产生了深远影响;但囿于时代精神资源和文化语境的限制,也不可避免地带上了一些值得反省的局限.如果将此论争看成一个充满对话与矛盾的社会文本来解读,会发现论争各方的观点和相互作用基本呈现了新时期文论发展的内在张力和线索.     

Diasporic citizenship and militarization: Punjabi soldiers in the world wars

This article delves into the uses of history and examines how the enlisting of Indian soldiers – particularly from Punjab – into the British Indian Army during the First and Second World Wars has been memorialized and remembered in contemporary Britain. This issue has become particularly salient in the light of the politics of the so-called ‘war on terror’ or ‘new imperialism’, which Paul Gilroy and Vron Ware argue has heightened tendencies towards militarism in British society. Using examples from the public sphere – remembrance day events, TV documentaries and army recruitment fairs – as well as interview material, I argue that Britain's Punjabi communities have been organizing in order to weave themselves into the national tapestry by memorializing role played by Punjabis in the First and Second World Wars – iconic to the national fantasy, using this forgotten history to demand recognition from the state and stake a claim for citizenship. In the ‘new imperialism’, however, it is not equally possible for Sikh and Muslim Punjabis to argue for their inclusion on the terms of militarized citizenship, and the various chords within the diaspora seem to be increasingly disharmonious, effacing their composite and shared colonial history.     

The politics of the culture of control: undoing genealogy

The third volume of David Garland's trilogy attempts to characterize recent developments in the field of crime control and criminal justice in terms of the emergence of a ‘culture of control’. For these purposes the author claims to use the genealogical method developed by Michel Foucault. This essay argues that Garland's selective reliance on this method amounts to an undoing of the Foucauldian ‘project’ insofar as it re-introduces the objectivity/subjectivity dichotomy which Foucault had tried to subvert throughout his work. This undoing entails profound consequences for the politics of The Culture of Control, which concludes on a reformist proposition that forsakes a form of resistance grounded on the awareness of its own, intrinsic limitations.     

主体性缺失与工具理性选择：社会工作介入工业园区职工服务的角色困境与策略研究

目前，我国处于经济社会转型上升期，职工处于“强资本、弱劳动”的社会环境中，社会工作 参与职工服务成为政府和企业力量的有力补充，经过 20 余年探索，企业社会工作已经形成稳定的服务模式。在 此背景下，本研究以实证调查素材为案例，分别对园区社工服务过程中所承担的支持者、服务提供者、政策影响者、 资源整合者和赋能者的角色困境进行分析和探讨。研究发现，在低社会认知、过多的行政干预和制度缺位下， 园区社工逐渐丧失服务的主体性并趋向于工具理性选择。研究建议，需从服务的信任根基搭建、主体性释放、 制度保障建设和组织能力提升 4 个方面帮助一线社工走出角色困境，向服务的专业化和权威性发展。     

主体弥散化与主体责任的终结：ChatGPT对全球安全实践的影响

在人工智能时代，以ChatGPT为代表的人工智能通用大模型将可能冲击全球安全互动中的“主体责任制”，造成安全主体的模糊化与责任缺失、安全客体责任的离散化与安全责任追责难等一系列问题。由于人工智能技术由弱向强、迭代演进的技术发展逻辑，不同技术阶段的“主体性危机”与“责任危机”的形态和程度各异。在弱人工智能时代，低智性通用大模型的赋能作用可能会强化安全互动场域中的边缘安全主体责任。安全互动呈现出多重安全主体并存与安全客体责任离散的互动模式。在强人工智能时代，通用大模型被拟造为“类人”主体，成为多重安全主体中的一分子，安全互动呈现出无秩序形态。既有安全主体可能会表现出过度依赖算法和主体权力被侵蚀的特征，而安全客体则表现为普遍卸责和主体责任终结的特点。为解决上述问题，需要从安全主体互动的“主体间性”层面入手，在弱人工智能时代，可利用区块链与人工智能技术形成合力，并细化事前责任；而在强人工智能时代，则可凭借大国协调，在确立智能体“半主体”身份后，建立一种“监护人”制度，在主体间性的逻辑上开展全球安全实践。