人权全球化的主体性反思

在当今人权全球化的趋势下,对发展中国家而言,主体性论述必须成为人权全球化的基点.否则,往"左"发展中国家则可能会因丧失促进国内人权进步与改善国际人权法律秩序并谋取国家利益的机会而被边缘化,往"右"又可能堕入反对人权全球化观点所担忧的"人权西方中心主义"的境遇.发展中国家在人权全球化的趋势下,只有建立自己的人权论述,从而确立起人权全球化浪潮中的主体性,才能在人权全球化的趋势下获得正价值.     

论目的解释的主观性和客观性

目的解释是用探求目的的方法厘清冲突法律的关系,或者填补法律的漏洞。针对目的解释,存在激烈的争论,有的学者认为其主观性太大,容易导致法官过度能动,损害法律的权威;而有的学者则从目的解释的积极意义出发,全力维护目的解释。尽管各家有这样那样的分歧,但总的原则都是在维护法律解释的客观性,不允许解释者独断专行,将自己的意志作为法律,进行裁判。但是,作为法律解释方法之一的目的解释,尽管其探求的目的标榜是客观的,而不是法官个人的恣意,我们也不能、也不应该将目的解释的探究对象仅仅指向客观的目的。实际上,目的解释的主客观性就表现在其探究的对象(目的)的性质,而这个对象(目的)既具有主观性,又具有客观性。     

思想政治教育中的"主体性迷失"及其成因

深刻反思目前思想政治教育面临的矛盾和挑战,必须正视思想政治教育中的"主体性迷失"问题。这种"主体性迷失",在于思想政治教育仍然受着传统主客二分思维方式的影响。在新的历史条件下,推进思想政治教育的创新发展,必须以增强主体性为着眼点,彻底转变思维方式。     

Still sucked into the body image thing: the impact of anti-aging and health discourses on women's gendered identities

Health norms have changed over the past three decades, imposing more responsibility for health onto the individual. There are gendered implications of these changes which, when combined with increasing anti-aging pressures, have the potential to intensify the disciplinary relationship women have with their bodies. This paper, based upon interviews with 14 women, examines the impact of dominant health and anti-aging discourses on women's body practices, including exercise, makeup, clothing and diet, and ongoing construction of gendered subjectivity. Findings suggest that the women in this study are motivated to do particular body practices because of their concern with having a healthy and youthful ‘looking’ body. The women's stories reveal that anti-aging and health discourses function to reinforce normative bodily demands of femininity and consequently to intensify disciplinary control of their bodies. While the pressure to fight the appearance of aging is not new, the increasing association of aging with ill health, even illness, in conjunction with the promotion of health has implications for women's relationship with their bodies and sense of self.     

刑法理论与实践之间的“恶性循环”与“良性互动”——我国刑法理论的反思

根据我国刑法理论与实践之间的关系,可以把我国的刑法理论分为与实践"恶性循环"的理论和与实践"良性互动"的理论。前者以犯罪构成体系的争论来说明,后者以死刑的改革来说明。我国刑法理论在国外刑法学理论的"刺激一反应"模式之下缺乏理论的主体性和独立性,不但没有自己的问题意识,而且不能正确对待国外的刑法学理论。应该反思"恶性循环"的刑法学理论,应该提倡"良性互动"的刑法学理论。     

利益衡量论的规制与法律判断的妥当性

利益衡量论因对纠纷进行实质性判断而排除了概念法学形式论理的思考方法,有利于法律判断妥当性的形成,但是,利益衡量论作为法解释的方法论,又不可避免地存在价值判断的主观性,影响法律判断妥当性的形成。因此,应从利益衡量论内部规则体系和外部程序上进行双重规制,对利益衡量的适用范围或条件做严格的限制,同时加强外部程序的梳理和监控,对利益衡量得出的结果进行纠偏和验证,以发挥实质性判断对法律判断的积极作用,防范裁判主体恣意进行利益衡量的风险。     

马克思主义科学方法论“合主体性”、“合规律性”原生态

把握历史发展的“合主体性”“与合规律性”选择,是马克思主义科学方法论实践理性主题,而这个“双合”性的积淀与趋势是历史不同于自然史的本质特点,也是马克思主义科学方法论实践能动选择的根本法则。     

发挥主体性在《中国近现代史纲要》教学中的作用

"中国近现代史纲要"是高等院校本科生必修的思想政治理论课之一。这门课属于历史学科,更是一门政治理论课。开设它的目的是使大学生认识近现代中国社会发展和革命发展的历史进程及其内在的规律性,了解"三个选择"的必然性和客观性。了解这门课的性质和功能,教学中才能发挥教师和学生的主体性,实现它的目的和功效。     

马克思主义哲学主体化的再思考

马克思主义哲学是实践哲学,主张从生活实践和当下的现实出发提出问题,思考问题。马克思主义哲学自始至终把人作为＂实践的主体＂,强调哲学理论的实践性功能,这是哲学主体化的重要作用。     

The Impersonal Strategy: Re-visiting Virginia Woolf's Position in The Common Reader Essays

The concept of impersonality as a writer's strategy has been exposed to misinterpretations that either fail to exhaust its full meaning and deposit an unequal amount of attention on all components of the term or, in the worst case, tend to distort its true elements. In relation to Virginia Woolf's criticism, in particular, it is a critical commonplace that the author employed an impersonal position in order not to fully materialise her feminist vision, but to shy away from explicitly expressing her feminist convictions and openly supporting women's rights. Indicative of this is the criticism that suggests disapproval of Woolf's reluctance to side with her own gender and declare the power of female personality.

The aim here is to challenge such critical views, separate the discussion of impersonality from its association with that of androgyny, and re-visit the issue of Woolf's employment of the impersonal strategy. I examine two of Woolf's essays on nineteenth-century women writers included in her first volume of The Common Reader and offer an analysis from both a gender-oriented and a genderless angle. Woolf's strong affinity with female conditions of oppression, her modernist convictions, her need to compromise with the male-dominated context of the time and her concurrent urge to co-operate with the common reader of an unspecified sex for the sake of artistic creation reveal more complex reasons behind her intentions than those examined by critics so far.