论目的解释的主观性和客观性

目的解释是用探求目的的方法厘清冲突法律的关系,或者填补法律的漏洞。针对目的解释,存在激烈的争论,有的学者认为其主观性太大,容易导致法官过度能动,损害法律的权威;而有的学者则从目的解释的积极意义出发,全力维护目的解释。尽管各家有这样那样的分歧,但总的原则都是在维护法律解释的客观性,不允许解释者独断专行,将自己的意志作为法律,进行裁判。但是,作为法律解释方法之一的目的解释,尽管其探求的目的标榜是客观的,而不是法官个人的恣意,我们也不能、也不应该将目的解释的探究对象仅仅指向客观的目的。实际上,目的解释的主客观性就表现在其探究的对象(目的)的性质,而这个对象(目的)既具有主观性,又具有客观性。     

Culture Governance: Theoretical Innovation and Practice Logic of Community Culture Construction——Based on the Analysis of C Community Experience

Recently, the academia popularly advocates the multi－component model of community culture construction. However, in this mode, the dominant role of residents is not prioritized. There still exist a series of problems such as low rate of residential participation. This paper provides well－reasoned solutions to these problems according to the practical experience of the community culture construction in Community C. Besides, this thesis proposes that the dominant role of residents should be brought into play in the community culture construction and help residents to achieve “culture governance”.     

Conciliatory whiteness: white farmers’ accommodations and responses to land reform in Matabeleland South,Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT

This article seeks to contribute to growing academic literature on land reform and whiteness in Zimbabwe, where there have been calls for nuance in the analysis of agrarian change. The research which underpins it explores differentiated responses to land reform on the part of a sample of white farmers (as well as A1 and A2 beneficiaries), in the environs of Matobo district, Matabeleland South, Zimbabwe. It characterises a range of responses on the part of white farmers – dropping out, pushing back, accommodating and adapting – and charts the various outcomes of these strategies. I further utilise the concept of subjectivity to reflect on these diverse responses and to disaggregate essentialised or homogenised understandings of whiteness. The article focuses on the small number of white farmers who retain a connection to the land and agrarian production in the study area and argues they embody aspects of a particular subjectivity. This conciliatory subjectivity is characterised by openness to reconciliation, rapprochement and partnership-making. Specifically, it is located along the following lines: (1) in contrast to the perceived ‘islands of privilege’ of some of their peers; (2) within a challenging context where they no longer occupy a hegemonic position; (3) wherein they are inclined or required to (re)form collaborations and alliances in the new dispensation; and (4) the subjectivity of these farmers could be said to be pre-occupied less with issues of identity and belonging, than with surviving and ‘becoming’ amidst the multi-faceted challenges of contemporary Zimbabwean rural agricultural endeavours and socio-political life.     

论问题的认识论意义

问题是由人们提出的需要解决而尚未解决的任务。问题在本质上是主观与客观的矛盾,或人与世界的矛盾。问题具有社会性、时代性和"为我"的主体性。问题是人类特有的反映形式,只有人才有问题,问题也只是人的问题。问题以系统的形式存在,不同的问题系统构成了人类不同的认识—实践领域。问题是联结主体与客体、主观与客观的中介环节,是从已知到未知的桥梁,也是人类文明进步的动力。人类的认识—实践就是不断提出问题与解决问题的过程。     

女性主体性:对马克思主义妇女观的一种新解读

主体问题一直是哲学发展史上的核心问题之一,其解决的关键在于充分发挥主体性,使之更加自觉、能动、积极、创造性地从事某种活动,显示出作为主体的自主自觉和独立自由特性。对女性主体性的探讨早在马克思、恩格斯时代就已经开始了熏马克思主义妇女观旨在控诉女性被奴役的不合理性,揭示女性与男性同作为推动社会历史发展的主体力量,当享有与男性同等的社会地位,有选择和创造新生活的权利,其实质就是对人类历史发展过程中失却了的妇女主体性的关注。     

数字“代工”：网络文学写手的另类劳动实践及其隐忧

随着网络文学平台的兴起,依托于平台的网络文学写作逐步发展成为一种新型职业形态。网文公司出现,并嵌入到网络文学生产过程中,重构了网络文学的生产逻辑。受雇于网络文学公司的续写作者,类似于传统工厂外包的数字“代工”,他们的劳动实践存在“概念”与“执行”和“作家”与“作品”的双重分离,正是这种另类的劳动实践使得续写作者成为网络文学生产过程中的“幽灵劳工”。网络写作的灵活性、工作自由的乌托邦幻象和劳动公平交易的表征,使得网络文学写手甘愿加入努力码字的续写作者队伍中。但是这一切并不能掩盖续写作者付出与回报的不对等,且处于权益受损和向上流动受阻的双重困境之中。     

Women's Resolutions of Lawes Reconsidered: Epistemic Shifts and the Emergence of the Feminist Legal Discourse

This paper has arisen from my interest in questions ofsubjectivity of primary concern to contemporaryfeminist jurisprudence. Rather than side with anyparticular view represented in the debates surroundingthese questions, I have used Foucault's concept ofepisteme to explore the tradition of feministlegal thought. By focusing upon seventeenth-centurywomen's writings in which the earliest statementslinking law to women's oppression are to be found, thepaper argues that knowledge claims about law'sassociation with women's oppression are predicated notupon the positing of a sovereign feministconsciousness, but upon the specific positivities ofknowledge which existed at the time. Theunderstanding of the birth of the feminist legaldiscourse in terms of the specific conditions of itspossibility, although historically contextualised,raises questions about the hitherto seeminglyunassailable adherence to subjectivist epistemologywhich the current feminist engagement with lawmaintains.     

试论主体性教育的联系生活策略

教育源于生活,教育与生活密切联系。教育教学活动与师生的现实生活相联系、相贴近,对学生知识的掌握、情感的培养、创造性思维发展以及主体性的全面生成有着重要的价值,生活认识论、德国化教育学以及教育史上的相关理论都为此提供了坚实的理论依据,发展和培养学生的主体性,要采取与师生的日常现实生活相联邦缃贴近的教学策略。     

‘Men are not born fit for citizenship,but must be made so’: Spinoza and citizenship

The modern conception of citizenship contains often unacknowledged key background assumptions – about the role of rights in citizenship, about the citizen modelled on a liberal autonomous and rational individual, and about the equality of citizens within a democratic state. Spinoza's political works give us a useful perspective on the historicity of these assumptions. Whereas the modern conception is abstract, universalist, and depoliticised, Spinoza's sense of the citizen's belonging is adamantly specific, particularist, and political, and offers a way forward for rethinking citizenship. The key concepts of freedom and republicanism are analysed, and a political reading is developed of Spinoza's view of citizenship in terms of a way of conducting politics.