移植时间和检测方法与allo-HSCT受者的DNA嵌合率及法医学意义

影响allo-HSCT受者DNA嵌合率的因素有很多:如受者的疾病类型、移植前预处理方案、移植时病情的严重程度、造血干细胞来源、局部的GVHD、HLA是否相合等。本文主要讨论与法医学关系最为密切的2个影响因素,即移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度。法医物证学工作者在检案实践中,对allo-HSCT受者进行亲权鉴定或个体识别时,需注意移植后时间和检测方法的灵敏度对嵌合率的影响。女性受者接受男性供者HSCT的情况下,受者毛囊中可以检出供者Y染色体DNA,检案实践中来源于犯罪现场的生物检材不能仅仅检测Y染色体特异遗传标记,以免导致错误判断。     

刑法视野下的器官移植

器官移植为人类医学救死扶伤带来了福音,但它也引发了大量刑事法律问题。各国法学界针对这些问题进行了激烈争论,相关立法也对包括买卖人体器官、强摘他人器官等器官移植犯罪进行了规制,这在一定程度上维系了各国生命伦理秩序的稳定。近年来,我国器官移植技术也获得了飞速发展,但相关立法却并未对器官移植涉及刑事责任方面的问题做出实质性规定,为此,需要在我国《刑法》中增加关于器官移植犯罪及其刑事责任方面的专门规定。     

西方判例制度东移的必要性和可行性评析——案例指导制度构建的框架和对司法实践指导的方法

"法律面前人人平等"决定了在具体案件的审理中,应当做到同案同判。西方国家建立了严格的判例制度,以最大限度限制法官自由裁量权的滥用。将西方判例制度引入我国具有必要性和可行性,法官应重视运用案例指导案件的审理和裁判。     

Assessment of the Capacity to Express Informed Consent for Organ Donation in Patients with Schizophrenia

Abstract: In Italy, the “silent‐consent” principle of donor’s willingness regulates organ donation for postmortem transplantation, but civil incompetence excludes it. We investigated decisional capacity for organ donation for transplantation of 30 controls and 30 nonincompetent patients with schizophrenia as related to clinical symptoms, cognition, and functioning. Assessments were carried out through the Competence for Donation Assessment Scale (CDAS), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS), Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Life Skills Profile (LSP), Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices (RCPM), Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Rey RI, Rey RD, and Visual Search. Patients and controls differed on the CDAS Understanding and Choice Expression areas. Patients showed significant inverse bivariate correlations between CDAS Understanding and scores on total BPRS, LSP self‐care scale, and RCPM cognitive test. Our results show that decisional capacity for participating in research does not predict decisional capacity for postmortem organ donation in patients with schizophrenic or schizoaffective psychosis; hence, before judging consent for donation, patients must be provided with enhanced information to better understand this delicate issue.     

代理权授予行为与基本关系——授权行为无因性与法律制度的嫁接

代理制度在社会经济生活中起着重要作用。实践中,授权行为常常伴随其基本法律关系而生,如委托、雇用、合伙契约等,二者关系如何,不无疑问。无因说认为,代理权之授予行为,与其基本关系各自独立,基础关系不应影响授权行为之效力,而有因说者却持不同的观点。二者分别基于不同的社会政策考量,我国民事立法该如何取舍？可尝试通过法律制度的嫁接实现与表见代理制度的功能替代。     

论大陆法国家对信托的引进及其进路

信托的本质是一种财产管理运作方式,从设立到成立、再到运行受到普通法与衡平法的共同调整,对英美普通法与衡平法互动的双重法律体系有着强烈的依赖,而普通法与衡平法互动的双重法律体系又是英美法的特色。尽管没有衡平法和双重法律体系,大陆法系国家还是可以通过功能移植的方式引进信托的。马尔他与魁北克就是成功移植信托的两个实例。     

犯罪构成理论结构比较论略

在大体相当的法律结构基础上,因文化的差异,德日、英美和中俄三个不同法系的犯罪构成理论结构显著不同。三者的外在形态、逻辑结构和文化特点差异颇大,但其基本功能大体相当,各有其道理。我国的犯罪构成四要件理论经过长期的理论建构与实践检验,具有相对的合理性。我国不宜全盘移植德日三阶层要件模式或英美双层次要件模式。进一步理顺和完善犯罪构成四要件模式的内在理论结构,是我国当前相关理论争议的合理出路。推进我国刑事法治,有必要注重刑法机制之刑事一体化理论知识形态。     

华蟾素注射液抑制小鼠黑色素瘤的作用及机制研究

摘要：目的：体内实验探讨华蟾素注射液对小鼠黑色素瘤的抑制作用及其机制。方法：建立黑色素瘤B16F10 C57BL/6小鼠移植瘤模型,将造模成功的40只黑色素瘤移植瘤小鼠按随机分组原则分为四组：对照组（腹腔注射0.15 mL生理盐水）、华蟾素注射液低剂量组（腹腔注射0.15 mL,156 mg/mL）、中剂量组（腹腔注射0.15 mL,312 mg/mL）和高剂量组（腹腔注射0.15 mL,468 mg/mL）;H&E染色后观察黑色素瘤移植瘤的病理变化;免疫组织化学法观察移植瘤组织MMP-2、vimentin、MMP-9、 E-cadherin、N-cadherin、和Ki-67蛋白的表达。结果：与对照组比较,华蟾素注射液高、中、低剂量组小鼠移植瘤质量均明显降低,而小鼠体重变化无明显差异;H&E染色结果表明华蟾素注射液高、中、低剂量组黑色素瘤细胞形成的巢均减少、细胞密度均降低以及细胞体积均增大;免疫组化结果表明华蟾素注射液中、高剂量组下调了Ki-67蛋白的表达（均P<0.01）;华蟾素注射液中、高剂量组可上调黑色素瘤移植瘤中E-cadherin蛋白的表达（P<0.05）;华蟾素注射液低、中、高剂量组可显著降低N-cadherin、MMP-9蛋白的表达（均P<0.05）;华蟾素注射液中、高剂量组可显著下调MMP-2和vimentin蛋白的表达（均P<0.05）。结论：华蟾素注射液在体内具有抑制小鼠黑色素瘤的作用,其作用机制与抑制黑色素瘤EMT的发生有关。     

恢复性司法的本土移植问题研究

传统的报应性司法理念在现代文明社会中,由于其具有的惩罚性并不能使受损的社会关系得到根本的修复而受到质疑。与此同时恢复性司法的理念在西方社会应运而生,历经近二十年的司法实践而渐渐取得认同。我国的刑事司法改革若想进行恢复性司法的本土移植,条件是否成熟?在实践操作上是否应有别于西方国家的恢复性司法?本文拟对上述问题进行论证和探讨,以期对中国的刑事司法改革有所裨益。     

Ensuring the safe and effective FDA regulation of fecal microbiota transplantation

Scientists, policymakers, and medical professionals alike have become increasingly worried about the rise of antibiotic resistance, and the growing number of infections due to bacteria like Clostridium difficile, which cause a significant number of deaths and are imposing increasing costs on our health care system. However, in the last few years, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the transplantation of stool from a healthy donor into the bowel of a patient, has emerged as a startlingly effective means to treat recurrent C. difficile infections. At present, the FDA is proposing to regulate FMT as a biologic drug. However, this proposed classification is both underregulatory and overregulatory. The FDA''s primary goal is to ensure that patients have access to safe, effective treatments—and as such they should regulate some aspects of FMT more stringently than they propose to, and others less so. This essay will examine the nature of the regulatory challenges the FDA will face in deciding to regulate FMT as a biologic drug, and will then evaluate available policy alternatives for the FDA to pursue, ultimately concluding that the FDA ought to consider adopting a hybrid regulatory model as it has done in the case of cord blood.