吸毒后驾驶危险性问题的实证分析

近年来一个新名词"毒驾"逐渐进入人们的视野,毒驾行为是指非医疗目的服用国家管制的精神药品和麻醉药品后驾驶机动车的行为。毒驾肇事呈爆发式的增长,严重威胁着道路交通安全和社会的和谐稳定,关于毒驾是否应该和酒驾一样入刑已成为社会广泛关注的话题,并引发各界的热议。分析吸毒驾驶的危害性以及在实践中查处毒驾所面临的困境,可以在推动"毒驾"入刑的过程中发挥积极作用。     

Use of Postmortem Temperature Decay Response Surface Plots of Heat Transport in the Human Eye to Predict Time of Death

A finite element heat transfer model of the human eye was previously constructed and applied to experimental postmortem temperature decay curves collected in eyeballs of ten human bodies. The model was applied in the early postmortem period of 0–24 h under conditions of natural convection–radiation. Based upon this previous model, response surfaces for postmortem temperature decay were constructed based upon variable ranges of the natural convective–radiation heat transfer coefficient from 7–13 W/m² K, ambient temperatures of 10–33°C, and times of 0–24 h. Mathematical equations to describe these response surfaces have been developed. This response surface method is demonstrated for use by coroners/medical personnel to estimate time of death from recorded field temperature data collected over a 30‐min period. Sensitivity of the model to small changes in the key variable of ambient temperature is explored. The response surface model is applied to two cases of previously collected experimental eyeball temperature data. This response surface model method is only valid for constant surrounding temperatures, conditions of natural convection, no radiation effects, and postmortem times of 0–24 h.     

Democratic anchorage and performance: Comparing two network approaches to land-use and transport-system development

Abstract

This paper describes two Norwegian governance networks. While both address questions about land-use and transport, the ways in which they are democratically anchored differ. Starting out from goals set for climate-friendly transport, linkages between democratic anchorage and network effectiveness are discussed. In some ways the network with the lowest stakeholder involvement, and therefore the smallest network structure, has come furthest – measures are implemented quickly and extensive resources are used to improve public transport. The other network does not have the same implementation rate or resource-use, but has shown strong efforts to mobilise and coordinate a wide set of actors. Both approaches involve important elements for reducing emissions from transport, specifically the effectiveness and toughness of one and the broader mobilisation of the other. Applying a wide set of criteria to evaluate network performance, the paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the two network structures.     

Mediterranean regionalism from territory to trains: spatial politics and planning of macro-regions and transport networks in Spain

The contested planning of European macro-regions and Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) exemplifies the complexities of spatial politics, territorial and relational. What stratagems – discursive and cartographic – may regional actors employ in the process, and what can we learn from them? In context of European Union integration policies, we explore Spanish regional politics – discursive and cartographic – surrounding planning of cross-border regions and a TEN-T “Mediterranean Corridor” (and its alternatives). The contested remapping of macro-regions and transport networks reveals the role of spatial planning in the vertebració (structuration in Catalan) of European territory in distinct ways, as Mediterranean regionalism shifts from territoriality to trains.     

《鹿特丹规则》对卖方（货主）的影响

分析《鹿特丹规则》关于托运人,不可转让运输单证,货物控制权和控制方,不可转让运输单证、不交单提货的可转让运输单证的交货方式、交货条件以及签发运输单证等规定,指出在两国间货物交易中,由付款行向受益人（卖方）开具的信用证和承运人向交货托运人（卖方）签发的提单（物权凭证）,是建立在卖方、买方和承运人相互制约关系上的＂交单相符＂＂付款接单＂和＂交单提货＂三项规则基础之上的。这三项原则保证了国际贸易和国际海上货运中付款和交货的公平、公正和安全,并推动了国际贸易、国际金融和国际海运业的健康有序发展。然而,《鹿特丹规则》的上述规定,改变了上述三项重要规则,背离了公平、公正和保护各方当事人权益的普遍原则,将给海上货物运输利害关系人FOB卖方的货物及货款带来巨大伤害。     

论乘客交通事故伤亡损害赔偿之诉的法律适用

司法实践中,客运途中因交通事故导致乘客伤亡,当事人以违约责任为诉由还是以侵权责任为诉由因适用标准不同导致赔偿数额相差悬殊常成为争议的焦点。乘客伤亡之损害赔偿责任原则上应按照《道路交通安全法》及《民法通则》等有关规定,由导致损害事由发生的责任者承担,在加害人不明的情况下由承运人先行承担补充赔偿责任。一方面,因为对绝对权的保护原则上系基于法律的规定而非当事人的选定或约定,责任竞合也不能在普通规范与特别规范之间产生;另一方面,《合同法》第113条第2款明确规定"经营者对消费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的,依照《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任。"因为,消费者要求适用《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》给予惩罚性赔偿的前提是经营者提供商品或者服务有欺诈之故意,显然,乘客交通事故伤亡损害事件中不存在这种欺诈的故意罪。     

Shooting Down a Hijacked Plane—The German Discussion and Beyond

The article examines whether state officials may shoot down a hijacked airplane which carries uninvolved passengers, if it is known that the plane will be used against the lives of other human beings. In its first sections, it explains the German Federal Constitutional Court’s verdict against such a permission, and it scrutinizes the crucial arguments in this ruling (restrictions on the use of military weapons; human dignity arguments). The author then extends the discussion beyond the path taken by the court. She examines the defensive claims of passengers aboard the plane and the protective claims of potential victims who are present at the hijackers’ target zone. In contrast to the German Federal Constitutional Court, she concludes that state officials must take the claims of both groups of potential victims equally serious, and that such conditions allow applying a consequentialist calculus (“save the greater number”) because it is the only way out of a genuine dilemma.     

试析我国能源运输战略

马六甲海峡是世界上最危险和最重要的战略要冲之一。专家们认为,它是世界上最容易受到攻击的10大目标之一。控制马六甲海峡是目前美国的主要战略目标,即使可能导致它与该地区的国家甚至和中国发生武装冲突也在所不惜。如果泰国的克拉运河计划最终能够得以实现,一定会给该地区的自由贸易和海运事业带来共同利益。但对中国来说, 必须把缅甸通道和克拉运河区别开来。     

运输毒品罪疑难问题研究

运输毒品是指在一个法域内 ,行为人以流通毒品为目的 ,认识到是毒品但不明知毒品的用途 ,采用各种方式流通毒品 ,并不根据自己的意志使毒品流通于不同的控制者。帮助吸毒者运输、转移毒品的行为可能构成非法持有毒品罪。行为人携带枪支运输毒品的行为应根据不同情况具体分析     

铁路旅客运送合同研究

铁路旅客运送合同是我国旅客运送合同中最重要的一种。铁路运输行业的垄断性以及铁路运输方式的特殊性,决定了铁路旅客运送合同从订立到履行以及违约责任的承担都表现得极其复杂。本文分析了铁路旅客运送合同的成立、生效的时间及变更、解除的界限,界定了铁路旅客运送合同双方当事人的权利义务,论证了违反铁路旅客运送合同的归责原则及责任竞合时的处理方法。