建立新的机构模式 推动社区警务改革

公安实战部门的机关化、治安类职能部门和刑侦类职能部门的重复设置、种属关系混乱,是造成整个公安系统“机关化严重”和机构重叠、职能交叉等问题的主要原因。解决的办法是将实战部门与机关分离,形成包括一个指挥机关和两个基层分局在内的品字型的正金字塔的公安组织机构模式。从而使精简机关、警力下沉一步到位,使“小机关、大基层、强基础”的改革目标变为现实。     

颅脑外伤后假性癫痫的法医学鉴定

通过对2例颅脑外伤后假性癫痫的法医鉴定案例的分析,总结假性癫痫发作的临床特点及外伤后假性癫痫发作与外伤性癫痫发作的鉴别要点。其法医学鉴定应结合颅脑外伤的程度、部位、颅内有无后遗病灶及临床发作特点等综合分析。     

车祸致颅脑外伤儿童的智力特点分析

目的探讨颅脑外伤的儿童智力特点。方法对43例因车祸导致颅脑外伤儿童和50名正常儿童的韦氏智力测验结果进行比较。结果车祸致颅脑外伤儿童的智力水平普遍下降,其总智商、言语智商和操作智商均显著低于正常对照组,弥漫性颅脑损伤对智力的损伤最大。结论颅脑外伤儿童智力水平普遍下降,弥漫性颅脑损伤对智商的损伤最大。     

钝力冲击后心脏组织形态学变化的实验研究

本研究用自制机械式弹性拉力打击器以６．７ｍ／ｓ、８．０ｍ／ｓ、９．１ｍ／ｓ及１０．０ｍ／ｓ速度冲击大胸骨心前区，然后采用多种组织学染色及透射电镜技术对心脏组织形态学变化进行了观察。结果表明：①以６．７ｍ／ｓ及８．０ｍ／ｓ速度冲击后心脏宏观未见有明显改变，微观可见心肌波浪变。电镜下可见肌原纤维肌节收缩，Ｉ带消失或轻度Ｉ带增宽乃至肌原纤维断裂。②以９．１ｍ／ｓ及１０．０ｍ／ｓ速度冲击后宏观可见心脏挫伤，微观心肌挫伤改变明显，实验观察６０ｍｉｎ内心肌血管内皮损伤处已有血小板粘附集聚甚至血栓形成，心肌超微结构损害严重。③同一心脏可有多部位损伤，且损伤程度不均一。本研究进一步表明钝力性心脏外伤中．虽然无宏观损伤所见，其微观，特别是超微结构可有损害。     

肥大细胞与创伤

肥大细胞在创伤及愈合中起重要作用,其在创伤后随时间而呈现的一定规律的病理生理改变对于法医学中损伤时间及死亡时间的推断、生前伤或死后伤的鉴别方面具有重要的意义。本文对肥大细胞及其活性介质在创伤愈合、瘢痕疙瘩、烧伤后炎症反应、骨折愈合中的作用,以及在法医学中的应用和研究进展进行了综述。     

A Biomechanical Evaluation of Skull–Brain Surrogates to Blunt High‐Rate Impacts to Postmortem Human Subjects

The field of forensic injury biomechanics is an emerging field. Biomechanically validated tools may assist interdisciplinary teams of investigators in assessing mechanisms of blunt head trauma resulting in skull fractures. The objective of this study is to assess the biofidelity of spherical, frangible skull–brain (SB) surrogates. Blunt impacts were conducted at 20 m/s, using an instrumented 103 g rigid impactor, to the temporo‐parietal region of four defleshed cephalic postmortem human subjects (PMHS). Force–deformation response, fracture tolerance, and fracture patterns were recorded for comparison to spherical skull–brain surrogates. Three brain substitutes were assessed: 10% gelatin, lead shot with Styrofoam and water. Force–deformation response of the skull–brain surrogates was similar to defleshed PMHS up to the point of fracture; however, none of the surrogates fractured at tolerance levels comparable to the PMHS. Fracture patterns of the skull–brain surrogates were linear and radiating, while PMHS fractures were all depressed, comminuted.     

A Rare Case of an Intact Bone Plug Associated with a Gunshot Exit Wound

This case study presents an unusual manifestation of gunshot trauma in skeletal tissue from a post‐World War II human rights abuse sample uncovered in Vilnius, Lithuania. After briefly reviewing the typical wound appearance of projectile trauma in the cranium, we discuss the presence of an intact bone plug associated with a gunshot exit wound in an individual from the Tuskulenai Case. While this individual demonstrated typical gunshot entry and exit wounds to the cranium consistent with high‐velocity trauma, the bone plug indicates that the projectile likely lost much of its kinetic energy while traveling through the cranium resulting in a low‐velocity impact at the exit site. This study reviews a similar instance of a bone plug recovered from a bioarcheological sample in Peru and emphasizes the importance of thorough archeological excavations of mass graves.     

Psychometric Properties of the Trauma and Post-Trauma Well-Being Assessment Domains of the North Carolina Family Assessment Scale for General and Reunification Services (NCFAS G+R)

Two new domains of the NCFAS-G+R, trauma and post-trauma well-being, were tested for reliability and validity in relation to previous NCFAS-G+R domains. Three family preservation programs provided case level data on 170 in-home service families over six months. Domains were tested for reliability using Cronbach's alpha, factor structure was explored, and convergent validity was examined through correlations of new scale items with domain ratings on the NCFAS-G+R. Assessment ratings were cross tabulated with practice and outcome variables. Reliability of the new domains was established with Cronbach's alphas of .811 and .905, respectively, factor structure was confirmed, new scale items and domains correlated predictably and significantly with other NCFAS domains. Outcome variables were influenced by trauma assessment ratings. Displaying good psychometric properties, the trauma-focused assessment domains hold promise for assisting child welfare practitioners assess trauma symptomology, and post-trauma well-being following services.     

Unacademic academics: Holocaust deniers and trivializers in post-Communist Romania

The Romanian Academy (and much of the country's historical establishment) is packed with Holocaust deniers and trivializers, many of whom indulge in Holocaust obfuscation against the background of the post-Communist “competitive martyrdom” between the victims of the Holocaust and the Gulag. Quite a few of these deniers and trivializers are also former secret police informers. On closer examination, however, it turns out that explaining the reluctance to face the country's “dark past” as being the independent variable resultant of the post “Romanianization” of the Communist Party and its Securitate is a partial explanation at best. A substantially more convincing one might be provided by scrutinizing the phenomenon as the product of post-mnemonic cultural traumas.     

Neville Bolt. The Violent Image: Insurgent Propaganda and the New Revolutionaries.

This article examines key setting events and personal factors that are associated with support for either non-violent activism or violent activism among Somali refugee young adults in the United States. Specifically, this article examines the associations of trauma, stress, symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), posttraumatic growth (PTG), strength of social bonds, and attitudes towards legal and non-violent vs. illegal and violent activism. Structured interviews were conducted with a sample of Somali refugee males ages 18–25 living in the northeastern United States (N = 79). Data were analyzed using multiple linear regressions and path analysis. Greater exposure to personal trauma was associated with greater openness to illegal and violent activism. PTSD symptoms mediated this association. Strong social bonds to both community and society moderated this association, with trauma being more strongly associated with openness to illegal and violent activism among those who reported weaker social bonds. Greater exposure to trauma, PTG, and stronger social bonds were all associated with greater openness to legal non-violent activism.