Predicting the Postmortem Submersion Interval for Human Remains Recovered from U.K. Waterways*

Abstract: This article aims to increase accuracy in estimating the postmortem submersion interval (PMSI) for bodies recovered from rivers in the United Kingdom. Data were collected from closed case files, crime scene reports, and autopsy files concerning bodies recovered over a 15‐year period from the River Clyde, Scotland, and the River Mersey and canals in northwest England. One hundred and eighty‐seven cases met the study criteria and were scored by quantifying the overall amount of decomposition observed in each case. Statistical analysis showed that the duration of a body’s submergence in water and the temperatures to which it was exposed, as measured in accumulated degree days (ADD), had a significant effect on the decay process. Further analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in decomposition between the waterways. By combining the data from all study samples, it was possible to produce a single linear regression model for predicting ADD from observed decomposition.     

The Influence of Insects on Decomposition Rate in Buried and Surface Remains

Abstract: This article reports results of a comparative study of decomposition rates of wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) which were either (i) buried after exposure to insect activity, (ii) buried without exposure, (iii) kept above ground behind an insect screen, or (iv) continuously exposed above ground in a field experiment. Results showed that dipteran oviposition occurred consistently in groups i and iv only. Decomposition rates (measured by Total Body Score every c. 50 accumulated degree days [ADD]) of rabbits kept behind the screen and those buried without exposure showed no difference (p = 0.450). This was significantly slower than those buried after exposure (p = 0.0016) which was in turn significantly slower than those continuously exposed (p << 0.001). Temperatures collected from animals showed the presence of feeding larvae increased intra‐abdominal temperatures to >5°C above ambient. The findings support the assertion that insect presence is the primary agent affecting decomposition rate via tissue consumption and also the heat they generate.     

商誉区间价值动态评估模型及实证研究

商誉价值受多种因素共同作用,同时商誉价值依附于企业,具有不可确指性。在充分考虑商誉特性、影响商誉的各类因素及企业经营风险的基础上,论文将不确定性区间决策矩阵及求解应用于商誉区间价值动态评估模型的构建并进行实证检验,从而使商誉评估价值更加客观、合理。     

应用改良体积公式计算颅内血肿量

目的 根据球缺体积公式推导出计算颅内血肿体积的改良公式,提出更为准确的计算方法.方法 根据血肿形态类型,采用立体几何中球缺的体积公式,推导出计算颅内血肿的改良体积公式,以计算机软件测得血肿体积作为相对准确的标准,将改良体积公式和多田氏公式计算的血肿体积值分别与之进行比较.结果 改良体积公式计算与软件测量结果的差值明显小于多田氏公式计算与软件测量结果的差值.结论 颅内血肿改良体积公式较多田氏公式的计算结果更为准确,可以用于法医学鉴定.     

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathology After Shotgun Injury to the Brain

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) was initially conceptualized in boxers, but has extended to other athletes in recent years, albeit with limited clinical correlations. It is often asserted that CTE pathology represents the substrate for progressive neurodegenerative disease. We report the case of a shotgun injury to the brain with 42‐year survival and no neurological disease progression until shortly before death. The decedent had no other traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure and did not play football or other high energy collision sport. Neuropathological examination confirmed tissue damage, but additionally demonstrated localized patterns of phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) meeting criteria for CTE pathology. P‐tau and TDP‐43 deposits within marginal tissue of damaged brain were also present focally. No amyloid‐β (Aβ) deposits were present. These findings indicate that CTE pathology may occur following a single, severe TBI.     

The relationship between childhood traumatic events,social support,and mental health problems in prisoners

This study examined the prevalence of childhood traumatic events (CTE), social support levels as well as mental health problems (MHP), to test for differences between traumatized and non-traumatized individuals, and to investigate the relationship among the aforementioned parameters in a sample of 49 prisoners in Switzerland. This cross-sectional study used standardized self-report measurements. In line with expectations, prisoners reported a high rate of traumatic events. Furthermore, results indicated that those traumatized differed from those non-traumatized regarding the level of social support, interpersonal sensitivity, and depression. However, no relationship between CTE and social support as well as MHP was found. This points to specific therapeutic needs of those traumatized, and to the necessity of a trauma-informed correctional care. Moreover, these study results are a further step into more integrated models of criminal behavior.     

On the constitutional foundations of Hong Kong

Hong Kong law is characterized by a mixture of legal sources and traditions, originating from the constitutional government-based structure in the mid-1800s to the new laws, which were promulgated at the beginning of the 20th century. Since Hong Kong’s return into the People’s Republic of China in 1997, the development and forms of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Laws have been influenced by the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China of 1982, the Sino-British Joint Declaration of Hong Kong issues of 1984 as well as the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of 1990. The government of China continues to undertake measures, promoting a high degree of autonomy within the Hong Kong as well as its political stability and economic prosperity. All these measures contribute to the promotion of the rule of law and unification of China.     

法学论文中文摘要规范化探析

在了解国内国际学术论文规范的基础上,先对“摘要”进行语义辨析,指出它和提要、摘录、文摘、概要等的区别与联系,论述了摘要规范化的必要性;接着从论文摘要的内涵引申出其四大特点:“要点的陈述”、“小短文”、学术性、引发读者,每个特点都有一些规范化的要求,共十二点;然后论述了我国法学中文摘要中存在的内容上、形式上和语词上的九点问题;在已有论述的基础上,接下来特别探讨了法学学位论文中文摘要的规范化问题;最后提出了法学论文中文摘要写作的方法与步骤,表达了推动法学论文规范化建设的愿望。     

中国省域法制现代化进程非均衡差异及其相关社会影响因素的实证研究——基于计量经济分析法学的中国法制现代化进程演化模拟

中国的法制现代化是一个从传统人治社会向现代法治社会的转型过程,是中华法律文明的成长与跃进过程。通过构建由地方立法、诉讼、律师和地方法学教育等4方面组成的中国省域法制现代化进程实证评价指标体系,采用主成分分析与层次聚类分析相结合的综合集成评估方法,对中国省域法制现代化进程进行评估与比较,将中国31个省域的法制现代化进程分为领先型、挑战型、追赶型和后进型4个集团,并通过采用灰色相关度分析的方法,将4项法律指标分别与人均GDP、城市化、城乡差距、教育指数等4项社会指标进行灰色相关分析与比较。研究发现我国各省域的法制现代化进程在东中西部地区之间是极端不均衡的。在中国省域法制现代化进程各法律指标的相关社会影响中,影响的效果从强到弱的排序依次是人均GDP、城市化、城乡差距、教育指数。从各省域法制现代化进程的层面和影响省域法制现代化进程的各个因素层面出发,我们应采取缩小我国各省域法制现代化进程非均衡差异的相应对策。     

人脑挫伤后波形蛋白表达的免疫组化染色观察

目的观察人脑挫伤后波形蛋白（vimentin,Vim）的动态变化,探讨星形胶质细胞Vim表达变化与脑损伤时间的关系。方法42例闭合性脑损伤死亡者,根据伤后死亡时间分为6组（〈2h,〈24h,〈3d,〈7d,〈14d,≤30d）;取大脑挫伤灶进行HE和Vim免疫组织化学染色,对Vim染色阳性细胞面积进行图像分析。结果HE染色显示,脑挫伤后2h挫伤灶内脑组织挫碎、出血,5．5h挫伤灶周出现反应性星形胶质细胞,3d脑水肿明显,7d反应性星形胶质细胞明显增多,14d胶质结节形成,30d出现大量泡沫细胞,胶质瘢痕增多。Vim染色结果显示,脑挫伤后5．5hVim开始表达,少量Vim阳性细胞出现在挫伤灶周围,7d阳性反应性最强,14d逐渐下降,30d胶质瘢痕增多,Vim阳性表达又增强。Vim阳性细胞主要为反应性星形胶质细胞。结论Vim在反应性星形胶质细胞内表达呈现一定波动性,其表达部位在脑挫伤周围,Vim免疫组化染色结合图像分析技术可作为推断脑挫伤时间及部位的参考指标。