Adolescents’ Mental Health Outcomes According to Different Types of Exposure to Ongoing Terror Attacks

This study investigates the impact of several types of exposure to terror attacks on adolescents’ psychological outcomes in the context of ongoing terror. A total of 913 adolescents (51% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (12–13.6 = 33%; 13.7–15.6 = 38%; 15.7–18 = 28%) took part in the study. Detailed data were collected concerning objective, subjective and “mixed” types of exposure to terror, as well as demographics, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), emotional and behavioral problems and overall psychological and psychiatric difficulties. Subjective exposure was found to be the most important contributor to adolescents’ post-traumatic stress and other mental health problems in this context. Gender also had important effects. The effects of objective and mixed types of exposure, as well as age, were less prominent. We did find, however, that the more adolescents consulted media, the less they experienced behavioral and emotional problems. Given that subjective experiences appear to be the best factor in explaining mental health outcomes when adolescents are confronted with persistent terror, the cognitive and emotional dynamics along with the coping behavior linked to such experiences merit further investigation.

The art and politics of imagination: remembering mass violence against women

ABSTRACT

This paper addresses the role of artistic memory in processes of redressing political violence and historical injustices. Combining philosophical reflection, insights from memory studies and examples of artistic practices, it focuses on how memory and imagination coalesce in problematising mass violence against women and resisting its ‘official’ oblivion. The argument is that artistic memory work can foster collective memories of the painful past in ways that overcome both individual and national representations. To this end, this paper aims to explore various contemporary art productions as new models of memorialization, which deal with the representation of violence against women in armed conflicts and under political repression. The academic literature on the role of art in processes of dealing with the past tends to examine literature, film, theatre, painting and other more traditional artistic media of commemorating the victims of mass violence. In contrast, this paper explores the political potentialities of new artistic models of memorialization, namely participatory and collaborative artistic practices. Unlike the traditional media, they can commemorate victims performatively and collaboratively, simultaneously catalysing transnational solidarity and new forms of politics ‘from below.’     

从眼外伤损伤程度条款设计看新标准修订思路

损伤程度鉴定是法医临床学司法鉴定的主要内容。近年来,法医学司法鉴定工作人员不断呼吁对1990年与1996年发布实施的人体损伤程度鉴定相关标准进行修订。将于2014年1月1日施行的《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》,在条款内容和结构设计上发生了很大的变化,备受司法鉴定工作人员的广泛关注。眼外伤是比较常见的损伤类型,（《人体损伤程度鉴定标准》对眼外伤的条款规定较以往变化明显。本文从眼外伤的条款设计出发,通过横向和纵向比较,探讨和总结新标准的修订思路。     

MicroRNA在创伤性脑损伤的研究进展

MicroRNA是一类非编码小分子RNA,可调控人类基因组中20%-30%的基因,对细胞分化、增殖和凋亡起着重要调控作用。部分microRNA在哺乳动物中枢神经系统呈高水平表达,在神经元发育、突触发生和可塑性等过程中发挥关键作用,对认知功能亦有重要影响。创伤性脑损伤所致认知障碍的鉴定是法医学领域的重点及难点问题,识别其相关的特异性microRNA及其靶基因、阐明相应的信号传导通路对明确颅脑损伤的诊断、鉴别、预后及判断致伤机制、推断死因等方面可能均具有重要价值,应是今后的研究重点。本文简介microRNA在中枢神经系统中的分布与功能,对microRNA在创伤性脑损伤中所发挥的作用以及法医学研究进展做了重点阐述。     

Book reviews

Liberal democratic governments may differ in both their kind and degree of democracy. However, the literature too often conflates this distinction, hindering our ability to understand what kinds of governing structures are more democratic. To clarify this issue, the article examines two prominent contemporary models of democracy: developmental liberal democracy (DLD) and protective liberal democracy (PLD). While the former takes a ‘thicker’ approach to governance than the latter, conventional wisdom holds that these systems differ only in kind rather than degree. The article tests this assumption through an empirical comparison of electoral, legislative, and information-regulating institutions in two representative cases: Sweden and the United States. The empirical findings lead us to the conclusion that developmental liberal democracies represent not only a different kind, but also a deeper degree of democracy than protective liberal democracies. The implications for democracy promotion appear substantial.     

四川少数民族同胞利益诉求差异研究

四川少数民族同胞最强烈的利益诉求是增加家庭收入,而不是改善居住和生活条件。不仅不同性别、不同民族少数民族同胞存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异,而且不同年龄、不同地区、接受不同教育程度的少数民族同胞也存在同一利益诉求和不同利益诉求强烈程度差异。政府应大力改善基础设施、交通条件,发展民族经济;大力提高少数民族同胞教育水平,促进民族地区经济发展;通过基础设施和交通条件的改善、民族经济的发展,提高少数民族同胞的生活水平、改善民族地区的基础设施和交通条件,促进民族地区经济的发展和少数民族同胞生活水平的提高。     

Provisional concepts and definitions of fact

The paper explains and differentiates the concept of ‘fact’ in the legal setting. Fact and evidence, fact/falsity distinguished; fact and law considered -- a real difference or a pragmatic device? Questions of fact and degree considered, in themselves and in the context of jury trial and of appeals. Primary fact, factual inferences from primary fact, questions of classification of fact are considered. Whether inference is supported by evidence, and whether classification is correct may be questions of law. Issues of fact and opinion, fact and comment, relative to freedom of speech, defamation etc: no clear distinction available. Legal problems concerning absence of workable distinctions.

     

Preliminary Study on Diffuse Axonal Injury by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Histopathology Imaging

The objective of this study was to evaluate the application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for detecting diffuse axonal injury (DAI) in a mouse model. Brain tissues from DAI mouse model were prepared with H&E, silver, and β‐amyloid precursor protein (β–APP) immunohistochemistry stains and were also studied with FTIR. The infrared spectrum images showed high absorption of amide II in the subcortical white matter of the experimental mouse brain, while there was no obvious expression of amide II in the control mouse brain. The areas with high absorption of amide II were in the same distribution as the DAI region confirmed by the silver and β‐APP studies. The result suggests that high absorption of amide II correlates with axonal injury. The use of FTIR imaging allows the biochemical changes associated with DAI pathologies to be detected in the tissues, thus providing an important adjunct method to the current conventional pathological diagnostic techniques.     

以加强学士学位授予管理促地方院校学风建设的思考

高校学风建设的问题是影响高等教育人才培养质量的因素之一,同时,过于宽松的学位授予制度不利于保证学士学位的授予质量,学风建设与学位授予管理之间有着密切的联系。尝试分析学士学位授予管理及学风建设之间互相促进的关系,探索如何通过加强学位授予管理来促进高校的学风建设。