Estimating the preappearance interval from temperature in Creophilus maxillosus L. (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

Abstract: Some carrion insects appear on carcasses late in decomposition. While using these late‐arriving taxa to estimate postmortem interval, it is vital to accurately estimate an interval preceding their appearance on a cadaver called the preappearance interval (PAI). This paper tests the possibilities of a PAI estimation from temperature in case of late‐arriving, predatory carrion beetle Creophilus maxillosus. The relationship between temperature and PAI of adult and larval C. maxillosus was modeled using the results of a large‐scale experiment on succession in forests of Central Europe. In both stages, PAI was found to be strongly, inversely related to temperature averaged for the duration of PAI. The PAI estimation from mean degree‐day accumulations (mDDA), estimated DDA, and “PAI*T” functions were tested using external successional data. The greatest accuracy of PAI estimates was achieved using an exponential “PAI*T” function.     

谈Microsoft Windows密码的破解算法

从Microsoft Windows系统的1024位密钥DES加密程序来看,用穷举法破解只有1／70,000,000,000,000,000的几率。本文基于“时间-内存互换”法快速破解加密密码的算法,提出并论证了快速破解Windows密码的“穷解＋时间花销”法。     

The Forensic Implications of Amphetamine Intoxication in Cases of Inflicted Blunt Craniocerebral Trauma

The effects of D‐amphetamine on outcome after blunt craniocerebral trauma are characterized and the potential legal implications discussed. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was induced under general anesthesia in adult, male Sprague Dawley rats using the impact acceleration model. At 10 min prior to injury, D‐amphetamine (5 mg/kg) or saline vehicle was administered subcutaneously; animals were subsequently assessed over a 7‐day period post‐trauma for motor outcome using a rotarod device. D‐amphetamine treated animals performed significantly better (p < 0.001; ANOVA) than vehicle treated controls on their motor assessment, suggesting that D‐amphetamine exposure prior to injury either is neuroprotective or enhances motor performance. It is possible, therefore, that an individual who has taken amphetamines may function at a better motor level after head trauma than one who has not been exposed to the drug. Future interpretations of the potential effects of amphetamines on TBI should include this possibility.     

Changes to the training of English and Welsh lawyers: implications for the future of university law schools

The focus of this article is upon the plans by the Bar Standards Board and, in particular, the Solicitors Regulation Authority to remodel the education and training processes for barristers and solicitors. Introducing the most radical changes to legal education in recent decades, the proposals present Anglo-Welsh law schools with dilemmas in terms of their future educational models, student recruitment and issues of equal opportunities and accessibility. However, opportunities are also present, should some law schools wish to utilise the momentum for change to move away from constraints necessitated by following an, in part, professionally determined syllabus. Research Excellence Framework, professorial expertise and doctoral degree data are used to demonstrate that some law schools have moved away from focusing on areas most relevant to professional practice, but have retained a dependence on qualifying law degree status to recruit students in comparatively large numbers.     

Secondary Traumatic Stress in the Courtroom: Suggestions for Preventing Vicarious Trauma Resulting from Child Sexual Abuse Imagery

The internet and social media have added to an increase in sexual imagery. As a result, law enforcement, judicial officers and court ordered counselors will be exposed to an increase of images. While not every individual will experience post‐traumatic stress symptoms, it is anticipated there is risk for impact. The impact of viewing images can include an increase in vicarious trauma symptoms, burnout, and a possible decrease in impartiality. This paper offers suggestions for self‐care in the services of preventing collateral damage.     

创伤性脑损伤大鼠P300检测与海马microRNA表达变化

目的探讨创伤性脑损伤后大鼠海马microRNA的表达变化与认知功能障碍的相关性。方法 25只SD大鼠随机分为假手术组和伤后1h、1d、3d、5d组,采用Feeney自由落体法建立创伤性脑损伤动物模型。各组大鼠于设定的损伤时间点检测事件相关电位P300,应用基因芯片技术检测海马microRNA的表达情况,筛选特异性表达的microRNA。结果各组大鼠伤后P300的潜伏期延长,波幅下降,以伤后1d为甚。与假手术组相比,伤后各实验组microRNA表达谱具有显著差异。其中miR-21、miR-16、let-7b的表达与P300潜伏期变化存在显著相关,伤后1d为差异性表达的关键时间点。结论 microRNA可能在创伤性脑损伤后发生的认知功能障碍中发挥调控作用,有望为脑损伤后认知功能的法医学鉴定提供新的思路。     

肺气虚证浅探

The main functions of the pulmonary Qi are controlling the defensive energy, in charge of vital energy and regulatory functions of the lung. Deficiency of the pulmonary Qi shows advance graduslly decrese of superficial resistance, disturbances of the respiratory function and regulatory functions of the lungs. So lined with integration of traditional Chinese medicine theory and clinical practice, the syndrome of deficiency of the pulmonary Qi are divided into three degrees: slight, medium and serious.     

提高企业员工满意度初探

一个因满意而开心的员工对任何企业来说都是非常重要的,因为他可以把自己的这种情绪传递给客户(顾客),从而为企业培养忠实的客户(顾客)群。因此,一个追求成功的企业应当做到:遵守国家法律法规的规定;制订竞争性的薪酬福利制度;增强管理的公正公平性,营造关爱员工的氛围;加强培训,为员工提供更多的发展机会。     

基于模糊理论的人与自然和谐度相关问题初探

人与自然和谐度是一个涉及多因素、多层次结构的非线性问题。本文通过对大量社会调查资料和数据的分析，构建起了人与自然和谐度评价的指标因素体系；运用层次分析法，确定了各评价指标因素的相对权重；借助模糊数学理论，建立起了人与自然和谐度评价的数学模型，为人与自然和谐度的判别提供了一种有效的方法；并给出了验证实例。     

浅议政府职能适度论

关于政府职能的强化、弱化问题的讨论 ,可以使我们清楚地看到无论是“强化论” ,还是“弱化论”都有其片面性 ,都带来一些问题 ,解决这些问题的关键是建立“小政府、大社会” ,实现政府职能的适度化。适度的政府职能将克服政府职能强化或弱化所带来的局限性 ,在克服二者的偏差中寻找平衡点。平衡点的选择要以不同历史时期政府的不同职能为依据 ,其选择是一个动态的历史过程