The development and pilot testing of a family treatment court best practices assessment: The model standards implementation scale

In 2019, the family treatment court (FTC) best practice standards (the Standards) were published to clarify attributes of FTC programs associated with superior child, parent, and family outcomes. The Standards cover the breadth of FTC operations including program structure and leadership, substance use treatment and complementary services, and behavioral responses to participants. This study aimed to develop an instrument (the Model Standards Implementation Scale; “MSIS”) that stakeholders can use to assess implementation of the Standards by individual FTCs. The MSIS balances usability with scientific validity. Interrater reliability (IRR), internal consistency, and several types of validity were assessed. Results indicated moderate to strong IRR, high internal consistency, mixed known groups validity depending on Standard, and high convergent and divergent validity. Initial findings suggest good validity and usability of the MSIS for evaluating FTC Standards' implementation. Notably, the process of using the tool functioned to educate FTC team members on the Standards. Although implementation of the MSIS is a resource-intensive process, the opportunity to receive constructive feedback proved to be an effective incentive for initial and subsequent participation in the evaluation among FTCs. Future research is needed to examine predictive validity, including association between Standards' implementation and family outcomes in FTCs.     

Justifications for Non-Consensual Medical Intervention: From Infectious Disease Control to Criminal Rehabilitation

A central tenet of medical ethics holds that it is permissible to perform a medical intervention on a competent individual only if that individual has given informed consent to the intervention. Yet it occasionally seems morally permissible to carry out non-consensual medical interventions on competent individuals for the purpose of infectious disease control (IDC). We describe two different moral frameworks that have been invoked in support of non-consensual IDC interventions and identify five desiderata that might be used to guide assessments of the moral permissibility of such interventions on either kind of fundamental justification. We then consider what these desiderata imply for the justifiability of carrying out non-consensual medical interventions that are designed to facilitate rehabilitation amongst serious criminal offenders. We argue that these desiderata suggest that a plausible case can be made in favor of such interventions.     

Therapeutic engagement in medium-secure care: an interpretative phenomenological analysis of service users’ experiences

Service users (SUs) detained in forensic hospitals are usually required to engage in psychological therapies aimed at reducing mental distress and/or for preventing further offending. Poor therapeutic engagement (TE) can lead to adverse clinical outcomes and reoffending, at a cost to the individual, staff, the service provider, and the public. To understand what factors influence TE from a SUs’ perspective, the experiences of 10 male residents of a medium-secure hospital were explored. Using a service-user informed design, interpretative phenomenological analysis of interview data was completed. Four superordinate themes emerged: different worlds; what the individual brings; what the therapy entails; and control. Consideration of how these factors may be of use to professionals working in secure care settings is discussed in relation to existing theory and research.     

Fundamental principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights and the applications

Legal principle, which underlies the value of the legal system, is supposed to be the origin and basis of concrete legal rules. It has also resulted from abstracting and summarizing the value and spirit of these legal rules. In light of the universality and hierarchy of legal principle, the principles of the international protection system of intellectual property rights (IPR) can be divided into the following two types: one is the fundamental principles applied to the what, why and how a legal system shall be constructed, such as principles of sovereignty, equality and mutual benefit, joint development, and international cooperation, which also can be expressed as the principles of sovereignty, international coordination and cooperation, fairness and justice. The other type includes those existing in the legal system and capable of being applied directly, such as the principle of national treatment, principle of minimum standard, principle of independence (for industrial property right), principle of independent protection (for copyright), principle of compulsory implementing patent (for patent right) and doctrine of priority (for industrial property right), etc. In my opinion, the principles of the international protection system of IPR shall follow the latter model, indicating that they shall be provided and written in the international conventions on the grounds that they can be applied directly, and that they can be universally applied to the whole international protection system of IPR instead of exclusive application to one certain system. Hereupon, the author believes that principles concerning the international protection system of IPR should include the principles of national treatment, minimum protection standard and public interest.     

The Treatment Engagement Rating scale (TER) for forensic outpatient treatment: Description,psychometric properties,and norms

Abstract

The Treatment Engagement Rating scale (TER) is a Dutch therapist rating instrument for treatment engagement (TE) of forensic outpatients. It yields scores for nine components of TE, which are aggregated in a total score. Following an analysis of the concept of TE, the TER is described, and various psychometric analyses of data from a forensic outpatient sample are reported. The nine component scores were found to constitute a homogeneous scale with good internal consistency (α=0.93, n=328) and adequate inter-rater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.76, n=99). The validity of the TER is supported by correlations of 0.47, 0.66, and 0.91 (n=328) with measures for the motivation to engage in treatment. Applications for the TER in clinical practice and research are suggested.     

胰源性消化不良中医理论发微与临床实践

胰腺属于中医脾的范畴,胰源性消化不良病因可分为饮食损伤、情志失调、久病体虚。致病脏腑主要与脾肝肾相关。本病以脾气不运、肝胆失疏为本,气滞血瘀、湿热内蕴为标。综合运用运脾疏肝、行气活血、升清降浊、清热解毒等方法治疗本病可取得较好疗效。     

Long-term Accompanying Service: Reflection on the Specialization in Social Work

Since 2006, China is undergoing a rapid growth in social work. In contrast with the rapid expansion of the scopes and fields for social work, the need for specialization in social work is creasing. Especially in mental health service in community, this demand is even higher. This article is intended to study a project on mental health in community called Assertive community treatment carried out in Shenzhen for 4 years, and finds that: a) the longstanding accompanying service is different from the short-term services; b) the longstanding accompanying service is another kind of specialized social work; c) the longstanding accompanying service is the best way for Chinese social workers to promote specialization of social work.     

1 468例类风湿关节炎患者终点事件发生情况队列研究

目的 采用队列研究方法,随访安徽中医药大学第一附属医院类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis,RA）出院患者终点事件发生情况,探讨其终点事件发生的相关因素。方法 纳入安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2012年1月至2016年6月期间诊断为RA患者的病例,调取并记录RA患者的一般资料,采用电话随访方式,随访并记录出院患者中医药使用情况（根据RA患者服药时间分为非暴露组、低暴露组、中暴露组和高暴露组）、终点事件发生情况,调取随访成功RA患者首次入院的实验室指标,采用多元Logistic回归分析法分析各因素与RA患者终点事件发生的相关性。结果 共纳入1 812例RA患者,随访成功1 468例,随访终点事件有80例。全因死亡的影响因素是中医药暴露强度,年龄、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体能够增加病死率;再发入院的影响因素是中医药暴露强度,血沉、超氧化物歧化酶、血小板可以增加再发入院的发生率;关节外病变的影响因素是中医药暴露强度、改善病情的抗风湿药,年龄、抗环瓜氨酸多肽抗体会增加关节外病变的风险;手术治疗的影响因素是中医药暴露强度。结论 中医药干预是RA患者终点事件发生的相关因素,且干预强度越大,终点事件发生率越低。     

中医药干预874例晚期非小细胞肺癌的生存分析

目的 分析晚期非小细胞肺癌（non small cell lung cancer,NSCLC）患者生存期的影响因素,观察中医药干预对晚期NSCLC的疗效。方法 回顾性分析874例接受中医药治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料,分别采用Kaplan Meier法和COX回归模型对晚期NSCLC患者生存期的影响因素进行单因素分析和多因素分析,并建立COX比例风险模型,并对接受靶向治疗的晚期NSCLC患者分别进行分层分析。结果 ①874例晚期NSCLC患者的中位生存期（median survival time,MST）为24.0个月,1年生存率为75.0%,2年生存率为49.0%,3年生存率为33.0%,5年生存率为16.0%。②单因素分析结果显示,患者的性别、确诊时的体力状态评分（performance status,PS）、年龄、病理类型、临床分期、吸烟史、化学治疗、放射治疗、靶向治疗、中医证型、中医特色外治法、口服中成药时间、中药静脉制剂疗程、干预措施为预后的影响因素（P＜0.05）。③多因素COX回归分析结果显示,性别、年龄、临床分期、放射治疗、病理类型、干预措施、口服中成药时间、中药静脉制剂疗程、PS、中医辨证分型是影响晚期NSCLC预后的独立危险因素。结论 ①中医药干预可延长晚期NSCLC患者的生存期。②晚期NSCLC患者中,女性、年轻、临床分期早、肺腺癌、PS低、脾肾两虚的患者生存期优于其他患者。③接受放射治疗、使用口服中成药、长期接受中药静脉制剂治疗且长期接受中医辨证治疗,可以延长晚期NSCLC肺癌的生存期。