大鼠视神经损伤后Bad蛋白表达与视网膜神经细胞观察

目的观察大鼠视神经钳夹伤后视网膜神经节细胞(RGCs)和Bad蛋白表达变化。方法建立大鼠视神经钳夹伤动物模型,伤后1,3,5,7,9,14,28d处死,HE染色观察RGCs的改变,免疫组化方法检测Bad蛋白的表达水平。结果视神经损伤后1d节细胞开始减少,7d内呈快速减少,14d后呈慢速减少期,28d后趋于稳定;伤后3dBad蛋白表达明显增加,5d时达到高峰,7d后开始下降,14d后变化不明显。结论视神经损伤Bad蛋白的表达诱发RGCs丧失,是伤后视功能下降的重要原因,视功能评价应在损伤28d以后进行。     

气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度评定

目的探讨气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度评定。方法从测定程序分析不确定度来源,并计算各不确定度分量及合成不确定度,得出总不确定度。结果重复性测定不确定度分量最大,气相色谱仪误差次之,而玻璃容量器具天平及对照品所引起的不确定度分量对总不确定度的影响可忽略不计。结论气相色谱法测定海洛因含量的测量不确定度主要来源于重复性测定的误差及气相色谱仪的误差。     

新公共管理的影响与发展中国家的善治

新公共管理强调政治中个人自由的重要性。发展中国家尤其是转型期国家的政府改革必须在实现公民自由和提高政府效能间达成平衡。新公共管理的理论内核———自由主义的某些方面与发展中国家尤其是转型期国家政府改革的目标的某些冲突可通过自由主义“权宜之计”来缓解。     

The indirect detection of bleach (sodium hypochlorite) in beverages as evidence of product tampering

Bleach (sodium hypochlorite) has been identified as the adulterant in a relatively large number of product tamperings that have been investigated by the Forensic Chemistry Center (FCC) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. In this work, household bleach was added to 23 different beverages at each of three levels. The impact of sodium hypochlorite on these beverages over a 13-day study period was evaluated using the following techniques: diphenylamine spot test for oxidizing agents, potassium iodide-starch test paper for oxidizing agents, pH, iodometric titration for quantitating hypochlorite, ion chromatography for chloride and chlorate quantitation, automated headspace sampling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) for determination of chloroform, and visual and organoleptic observations. This study has shown that hypochlorite is fragile when added to most common beverages and typically breaks down either partially or completely over time. In cases where a beverage is suspected of being adulterated with bleach but tests for hypochlorite are negative, it is still possible to characterize the product to demonstrate that the results are consistent with the addition of bleach. An adulterated product will give a positive test for oxidizing agents using the diphenylamine spot test. It is likely that the pH of the adulterated product will be higher than a control of that product. Ion chromatographic analysis shows elevated chloride and chlorate as compared with a control. And, chloroform may also be detected by GC-FID especially if the beverage that was adulterated contains citric acid.     

Review of analytical techniques for arson residues

Arson is a serious crime that affects society through cost, property damage, and loss of life. It is important that the methods and technologies applied by fire investigators in detection of evidence and subsequent analyses have a high degree of reliability, sensitivity, and be subject to rigorous quality control and assurance. There have been considerable advances in the field of arson investigation since the 1950s. Classification of ignitable liquids has been updated to include many new categories due to developments in the petroleum industry. Techniques such as steam or vacuum distillation and gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection that may have been considered acceptable--even a benchmark--40 years ago, are nowadays generally disfavored, to the extent that their implementation may almost be considered as ignorance in the field. The advent of readily available mass spectrometric techniques has revolutionized the field of fire debris analysis, increasing the degree of sensitivity and discrimination possible considerably. Multi-dimensional GC--particularly GC x GC--while not yet widely applied, is rapidly gaining recognition as an important technique. This comprehensive review focuses on techniques and practices used in fire investigation, from scene investigation to analysis.     

A versatile technique for the investigation of gunshot residue patterns on fabrics and other surfaces: m-XRF

With heavy-metal-free ammunitions becoming more and more popular, it is necessary to find methods to visualize patterns of those elements in gunshot residues (GSRs) that are not accessible by chemographic coloring tests. The recently introduced millimeter-X-ray fluorescence analysis (m-XRF) spectrometer Spectro Midex M offers an easy way to record mappings of GSRs containing such elements in order to determine shooting distances as well as the general composition of these particles. A motorized stage enables samples of a maximum size of 20 x 20 cm to be investigated, like fabric, clothes, adhesive tapes (Filmolux films), and polyvinylalcohol gloves of shooter's hands. Human tissues can be measured using a Peltier-cooled specimen holder that is mounted onto the stage. As the spot size of the exiting X-rays lies in the millimeter range, which is adequate for the assessment of the residue patterns for shooting distance determination, a significant reduction in measurement time is achieved compared with mu-XRF methods. Test shots with heavy-metal-free ammunitions were performed on different target materials, like pork skin and fabric, and the elemental distributions of Ti, K, and Ga were determined. In order to show the capability of the spectrometer for conventional lead ammunitions as well, a shot series of 5-100 cm shooting distance and an adhesive tape of a shooter's hand were investigated analogously. A comparison of several methods applied in GSR investigation shows the advantages of the m-XRF method.     

节事旅游活动中的文化表达及其旅游影响--国际东巴文化艺术节的旅游人类学解读

节日庆典能高度浓缩多种地方文化内容,以旅游、经济为指向的节事活动必然对当地文化、社会和经济产生影响.'99中国丽江国际东巴文化艺术节,在仪式表演上再现了东巴文化的舞台化真实,从文化工业的角度来看,这些仪式表演是一个"新现实"的文化产品.     

政府再造的财政意蕴及其对我国的启示

政府再造理论意蕴深远,从组织再造、公共服务绩效改善到人力资源管理制度更新等,其主旨是将企业家精神引入公共部门,建立弹性化的、具有应变力和新精神的政府组织,藉以全面提升国家竞争力。政府再造的理论对于各国财政预算制度改革具有深远的影响。企业化预算、新绩效基础预算等以结果为导向的预算方法,可为我国财政预算制度创新提供有益的思路,进而推动我国公共财政制度框架的建立与完善。     

浅议我国资产证券化中SPV的架构方案

特殊目的载体SPV(Special Purpose V eh icle)是资产证券化(ABS)交易架构中最具特色的结构设计。文章的目的就在于探究符合我国国情的SPV的架构方案。文章在分析了SPV的几种可选模式及我国的法律障碍后,提出了我国资产证券化中SPV的四种较为可行的方案,并以个人住房抵押贷款、商业银行不良贷款等资产作为突破口,详细地提出了架构住房抵押贷款证券化机构和银行不良资产证券化机构的具体方案。     

日本的行政改革及启示

日本的行政改革是在经济低迷与政局混乱中启动并完成的.其改革内容是全面的,体现了市场化、分权化与绩效化的趋向,在行政机构重新设置的过程中,完成了对传统官僚制的根本性改造,同时还实现了政府职能的重新清理与定位.改革过程中突出政治领导,充分利用内生动力,并尽力遏制部门利益,以及最终强化了政府首脑及内阁府的行政权力和综合协调功能等做法与结果为各国的行政改革提供了一定的借鉴与参考.