Implicit Ingroup Favoritism,Outgroup Favoritism,and Their Behavioral Manifestations

Three broad themes that emerge from the social psychological research on unconscious or implicit prejudice and stereotypes are highlighted in this article. First, individuals who belong to socially advantaged groups typically exhibit more implicit preference for their ingroups and bias against outgroups than do members of socially disadvantaged groups. This research suggests that intergroup preferences and prejudices are influenced by two different psychological forces—people's tendency to prefer groups associated with themselves as a confirmation of their high self-exteem versus their tendency to prefer groups valued by the mainstream culture as a confirmation of the sociopolitical order in society. Second, these inplicit prejudices and stereotypes often influence people's judgements, decisions, and behaviors in subtle but pernicious ways. However, the path from implicit bias to discriminatory action is not inevitable. People's awareness of potential bias, their motivation and opportunity to control it, and sometimes their consciously held beliefs can determine whether biases in the mind will manifest in action. Finally, a new line of research suggests that implicit biases exhibited by individuals who belong to socially disadvantaged groups towards their own group may have unintended behavioral consequences that are harmful to their ingroup and themselves.     

读《本体刑法学》

《本体刑法学》是陈兴良先生在商务印书馆出版的新著。著作具有四大特色 :一是保持批判者立场 ,继承并提升刑法理论品位 ;二是界定本体刑法学的基本范畴 ,构建刑法学的新体系 ;三是提倡问题意识 ,寻求刑法学的真问题及其解决 ;四是创立一种刑法学教科书写作的新范式 ,即体系性叙述、法理性叙述与私人性叙述相结合。尽管存在些许瑕疵 ,但本体刑法学的总体特色可以概括为 :理论的继承和创新并存 ;范式转换或体系完备并重。     

加强基层公务员职业能力建设——以A省D县为例

基层公务员职业能力建设是整个公务员队伍能力建设的重要一环，从某种程度上说，它直接关系到整个基层政权执政的成败。由于体制、机制和历史遗留等诸多方面的原因，当前基层公务员职业能力建设存在许多不足，如基层公务员队伍“年老体虚”，科学的“进出机制”没有建立起来，知识储备比较薄弱，专业知识欠缺，缺乏系统培训，处理突发事件能力有待提升等。为此，加强基层公务员职业能力建设，应优化队伍结构，科学分类分层，建立系统性的培训机制，按照科学发展的要求，树立服务理念，用服务化解基层矛盾，努力建立一支能进能出、专业化、知识型、舅合趔、服彝剥白白篡屡公彝帚队伍一     

精神分析在经济人类学中的展布

以“无意识”为最基本假设和理论核心而展开的精神分析 ,体现出致力于人的状况改善的基本精神 ,把“认识你自己”这一知识的本质问题 ,从“人是万物的尺度”深化到“什么是人的尺度”问题上。为人的自我理解和对世界的理解寻求一种更加全面的视野 ;为从心理分析走向更为广泛的文化分析开辟了道路 ,让人类重返精神的家园。这一学说的批判性意义 ,为经济人类学透过经济的物质性功能而去追寻其本原的意义 ,提供了有力的理论支持。同时 ,从精神分析角度提出货币的象征性涵义假说、对货币存在的一系列悖论关系的联结 ,把货币分析引向一条历史理解的道路 ,提示人们去关注货币存在中的权力因素 ,为我们理解货币象征存在形式的物质化过程 ,提供了一条重要的线索     

土地用途管制：悬在土地流转头上的达摩克利斯之剑——违反土地用途管制的土地流转纠纷的法律适用问题探究

土地用途管制制度是我国《土地管理法》确立的土地管理基本制度之一。土地流转是农村土地承包经营制度的一个方面,亦应遵从土地用途管制制度。合同内容违反土地用途管制的土地流转应认定为违反效力性强制规定而归于无效。合同履行中单方违反土地用途管制的为土地流转的违约情形和合同法定解除事由。违反土地用途管制的土地流转不仅会引起民事责任与行政责任的重合,而且两种责任在责任承担方式上亦存在重合之处,这时应优先适用行政责任。司法实践中宜对土地用途管制作适度的扩张解释。     

Mugshot Exposure Effects: Retroactive Interference, Mugshot Commitment, Source Confusion, and Unconscious Transference

More than 25 years of research has accumulated concerning the possible biasing effects of mugshot exposure to eyewitnesses. Two separate metaanalyses were conducted on 32 independent tests of the hypothesis that prior mugshot exposure decreases witness accuracy at a subsequent lineup. Mugshot exposure both significantly decreased proportion correct and increased the false alarm rate, the effect being greater on false alarms. A mugshot commitment effect, arising from the identification of someone in a mugshot, was a substantial moderator of both these effects. Simple retroactive interference, where the target person is not included among mugshots and no one in a mugshot is present in the subsequent lineup, did not significantly impair target identification. A third metaanalysis was conducted on 19 independent tests of the hypothesis that failure of memory for facial source or context results in transference errors. The effect size was more than twice as large for "transference" studies involving mugshot exposure in proximate temporal context with the target than for "bystander" studies with no subsequent mugshot exposure.     

利用外资改组国有企业的几个法律问题

《利用外资改组国有企业暂行规定》规定了产权转让、股权转让、债转股、资产转让和增资扩股五种改组方式。其规定的"债依人留、债随人走"的债务承继原则和职工代表大会介入改组程序、职工安置先行等措施,体现了保护债权人、企业职工、外国投资者的合法权益以及公平和效率相结合的精神,但在债权人利益和职工权益维护上仍有注意不够的地方。该规定的施行,使修改外商投资企业法的紧迫性更显突出。     

The Writing Lesson: Imaginary Inscriptions in Cultural Encounters

Abstract

This article takes a moment of intercultural exchange, first reported as "The Writing Lesson" by Claude Lévi-Strauss in Tristes Tropiques and later explored by Jacques Derrida in Of Grammatology, as the occasion for further reflection on the role played by the aesthetic in what it terms intercultural transference. Transference occurs whenever unconscious desires, fantasies or patterns of being and relating are enacted in an interpersonal or intercultural encounter, including the indirect encounters between literary or artistic objects and their recipients. It emerges as a largely unconscious operation designed to bridge, close, fill or deny the inevitable gaps in knowing another person or another culture, and to manage the affects such gaps bring forth. Intercultural transference provides a framework to read "The Writing Lesson" differently and suggests a theoretical model able to account for the complex performances of intercultural transference that enter any exchange or translation between cultures.     

透析植入式广告

目前我国植入式广告正处于起步阶段,作为一种新型广告传播模式,我们有必要清晰了解和把握该种广告模式的本质内涵,用发展性的眼光正确理解、有效发挥其良性传播效力。     

From Freud to funny music in films: The case of Blazing Saddles

Abstract

This article contends that music creates comedy in film in two significant ways: first, by ‘setting us up’ and confirming our understanding of purely musical, cinematic musical, and cultural musical codes in the symbolic order of film, only to play with or subvert our established responses to such codes thereafter; and second, by a reliance on age-old rhetorico-musical techniques associated with musical comedy. An analysis of selected scenes from the film Blazing Saddles, directed by Mel Brooks and released by Warner Brothers in 1974, follows, wherein such techniques of musical comedy are shown to be evident. By way of reflecting on these techniques, some thought is given to Sigmund Freud's understanding of the continuum of humour involving play, jest and jokes, within the context of his notion of the principle of economy in psychical expenditure. Accordingly, the author concludes that the political discourse of Blazing Saddles is effective precisely because it is clothed in humour.