俄罗斯经济的转折点与“俄罗斯病”

俄罗斯经济一度在油价的暴涨中实现了高增长,但在2008年油价暴跌之后,俄面临着经济增长的转折点.虽说俄罗斯的经济转型伴随着一系列的市场经济结构改革,但还是对于油价变动反应过度.俄受油价变动摆布的资源依赖型经济可统称为“俄罗斯病”.这其实是一种“石油诅咒”综合症,但它不同于“荷兰病”.虽然俄罗斯历经石油价格高涨→实际汇率升值→进口扩大的发展路径,却没有出现GDP增长递减和制造业增长低迷的现象.因为俄国内市场大于荷兰,而且制造业发展缓慢.我们不能期待出现治愈“俄罗斯病”的特效药和特需,而有效利用资源利益来推动其经济发展是俄罗斯的现实选择.俄罗斯以“推翻世界史”的速度实现了开放的市场经济,但是,在重构文化背景和制造业基础之后再来发展经济恐怕还需时日.     

论社会中介组织的新一类经济法主体地位

非法学学科对社会中介组织的研究成果交集指向其社会性和中介性,它构成了经济法上社会中介组织的理论基础。法学视野中的社会中介组织处于社会公共经济管理关系中时,民法和行政法无法调整该社会关系。社会中介组织的本质与经济法的宗旨、性质、价值本位等高度契合,其因此具有了新一类经济法主体的唯一身份。经济法主体视角下的社会中介组织理论有利于解决专利权滥用、消费者隐私权保护、公益诉讼、市场经济信用体系的构建等难题。     

论公司经营范围的准确定位

公司作为一种营利性组织,必须以其组织章程规定的经营范围为基础进行经营活动。传统公司法中,对超范围经营活动,法律赋予其绝对无效的法律后果。随着经济的发展,体制的转变,经营范围的绝对性受到了质疑。本文分析了经营范围的功能及社会经济基础的变化,认为我们可以借鉴发达国家的做法,采用相对无效原则。不将其全盘否定,放宽限制,给公司充分的经营自由,同时兼顾政府的公共事务管理职能。     

从霸权经济到国际经济机制——全球化背景下超国家干预经济模式的理性选择

全球化背景下,世界各国面临超国家干预经济的客观现实。超国家干预经济有霸权干预经济和国际经济机制干预两种模式。前者是传统的超国家干预模式,曾经促进过国际经济秩序的稳定和发展,但在理论和实践中均存在诸多弊端,如今已不符合国际经济发展的需要,逐渐为国际社会所抛弃;后者作为新的超国家干预经济手段,符合经济全球化发展的趋势,已被国际社会所广泛认同和接纳,理应作为未来超国家干预经济的模式。但国际经济机制干预模式仍存在诸多缺陷,应当完善其多元化设计,并推进其实现从自由化到社会化的转型,最终建立和谐世界经济环境。     

循环经济发展与法制建设

我国传统的环保立法观念是"污染一治理",这种模式并不能达到治理污染的效果.综合污染控制作为一种新的环保方法,日益受到西方发达国家环境法学界的关注,其根源于循环经济的新理念.一些发达国家已经实现了将循环经济法制化和社会化,运用法律规范推动和保障循环经济的发展和循环型社会的形成.我国在循环经济立法方面取得了一些成绩,但未来仍有许多需要改进的地方,应当通过明确立法目标和任务,建立完善的循环经济法律制度.     

The Chimera of Proportionality: Institutionalising Limits on Punishment in Contemporary Social and Political Systems

The concept of proportionality has been central to the retributive revival in penal theory, and underlies desert theory's normative and practical commitment to limiting punishment. Theories of punishment combining desert‐based and consequentialist considerations also appeal to proportionality as a limiting condition. In this paper we argue that these claims are founded on an exaggerated idea of what proportionality can offer, and in particular fail properly to consider the institutional conditions needed to foster robust limits on the state's power to punish. The idea that appeals to proportionality as an abstract ideal can help to limit punishment is, we argue, a chimera: what has been thought of as proportionality is not a naturally existing relationship, but a product of political and social construction, cultural meaning‐making, and institution‐building. Drawing on evolutionary psychology and comparative political economy, we argue that philosophers and social scientists need to work together to understand how the appeal of the idea of proportionality can best be realised through substantive institutional frameworks under particular conditions.     

China's new regulatory regime tailored for the sharing economy: The case of Uber under Chinese local government regulation in comparison to the EU,US, and the UK

Although Uber's arrival in China has resulted in disruptive competition for incumbent taxi companies, it offers an attractive alternative in China's supply-demand-imbalanced urban passenger transport system. China's regulatory regime for Uber has evolved in three stages: from the regulatory vacuum prior to 2015 to its official legalization in 2015–2016, and the enactment of numerous local regulations in 2016, with specific and more demanding requirements for Uber. This policy is a part of the Chinese approach to the gradual liberalization of the urban passenger transport market. Policymakers should consider ‘fair competition’ as the guiding principle to balance the interests of sharing firms and incumbent service providers, as well as between different sharing firms. The core value of this principle lies in the benefits it provides for consumers and the way it engenders a pro-competitive market environment. The labor protection arrangements for sharing firms’ laborers should be more flexible and diversified. In order to recognize whether an Uber-Driver is an employee or independent contractor, a new standard taking into account a range of factors should be established through collective negotiations between the participants of the sharing economy, and dialogues between members of the judiciary, academics, and the policymakers. Further, consumer protection law and personal data protection provisions should apply when sharing firms misuse their distinctive algorithmic management model to compete unfairly to the detriment of consumers and other users. Ex ante regulatory measures designed to protect the personal data of users should be introduced for deployment in the context of the sharing economy. When enforcing these rules, a balance should be struck ensuring free data flow that is essential to sharing firms’ innovation and competition, and the need to ensure the level of data security required to underpin a well-functioning sharing society.     

中国传统和谐思想概要

中国传统和谐思想极为丰富,主要包括民本执政理念、富民经济战略、公平分配定律、社会救助体系、民主决策模式、中庸治国方法、和平邦交策略等。这些思想都是中国古代社会治理实践的理论精华,对于加强社会主义和谐社会建设,仍具有积极意义。     

知识经济的法律调整着力点初探

知识经济的运行 ,是通过知识的产权化、商品化和资本化 ,以实现知识的要素化和产业化的过程 ,与此伴随的还有知识的异化过程。法律应当以知识的产权化、商品化、资本化、要素化、产业化和异化为着力点 ,对知识经济进行调整。     

加入WTO与中国内外资企业法律制度分析

审视我国现行的内外资企业法律制度,其与市场经济法治要求有一定的距离,并且存在着诸多与 WTO 规则相背离的地方。我们应本着经济立法是对客观经济规律地正确反映的指导思想,制定反映我国社会主义市场经济要求的内外资企业法律制度。