The Ends of Deliberation: Meta‐consensus and Inter‐subjective Rationality as Ideal Outcomes

Normative deliberative theory has contributed much to an understanding of ideal procedural standards, but there is considerable uncertainty regarding the appropriate nature of desired deliberative outcomes. In this paper we identify two inter‐related concepts of meta‐consensus and inter‐subjective rationality as outcomes that an authentic deliberative process ought to produce. Importantly, these deliberative ends are consistent with ideal deliberative procedure. They are also empirically tractable, where preference transformation can be described in terms of underlying values, and judgments. Methods for assessing deliberative ends are provided and demonstrated using a case study.     

Mixing Habermas with Bayes: Methodological and Theoretical Advances in the Study of Deliberation

Two challenges stand out in the study of deliberation: the development of appropriate methodological tools and the development of more unified analytical frameworks. On the one hand, analysing deliberative processes is demanding and time‐consuming; hence we tend to have only few and non‐randomly selected cases at the group or context level. In addition, the real world of deliberation presents us with a complex matrix of nested, cross‐classified, and repeated speakers. This article shows that Bayesian multi‐level modelling provides an elegant way to tackle these methodological problems. On the other hand, we attempt to enrich comparative institutionalism with individual characteristics and psychologically relevant variables (such as group composition). Focusing on Swiss and German parliamentary debates we show that institutional factors ‐ in particular, consensus systems ‐, the gender composition of committees and plenary sessions, and age matter for the quality of deliberation. Furthermore, we also show that partisan affiliation ‐ government or opposition status of MPs ‐ affects deliberative quality and can refine institutional arguments. We conclude that a multi‐level approach to deliberation focusing on contextual and actor‐related characteristics and using Bayesian hierarchical modelling paves the way toward a more advanced understanding ‐ and methodological handling ‐ of deliberative processes.     

科学理解与主体间性

科学理解问题现已成为科学哲学研究中的热点问题,其探讨目的是要从理解的角度求取科学知识之普适性来源,以从科学的角度来弥合人与自然、人与人之间的裂痕。科学知识之普遍性来源于科学共同体的共通性,而后者又基于科学家之间的主体间性。主体间性的引入既为科学理解同样亦为科学理论本身的发展提供了新的方法论。     

识别制度研究在解决区际法律冲突中的价值

识别是在适用冲突规范时,依据一定的法律观念,对有关的事实构成作出"定性"或"分类",将其归入一定的法律范畴,并对有关的冲突规范进行解释,从而确定应援用哪一种规范的认识过程。识别在判定涉外民事关系的法律性质、确定涉外民事关系应适用的法律规范的过程中被广泛采用,是解决涉外民事纠纷的必要程序。我国是一个一国两制三法系四法域的国家,内地与香港、澳门、台湾之间存在着各种各样的法律冲突问题,即区际法律冲突,而科学的识别制度和完善的识别理论是解决区际法律冲突的前提和基础。因此,在存在法律冲突的区际法律关系中,科学的识别制度同样是非常重要的。     

论刑事诉讼职能管辖冲突

职能管辖冲突主要包括单一冲突与复合冲突.单一冲突,是指立案管辖交叉冲突,本来应由某机关立案管辖的案件却由另一机关侦查终结并移送起诉,包括公安机关与检察机关之间的管辖冲突、人民法院与公安机关之间的管辖冲突.复合冲突,是指两个或两个以上的公安司法机关对一人所犯数罪具有交叉管辖权.另外,管辖冲突还会带来附随问题,如羁押期限的计算和强制措施的变更.     

解读文化外交:一种学理分析

文化外交是促进国家间、人民间相互理解与信任,构建和提升本国国际形象与软实力的一种有效外交形式。相互性、长期性和诚实性,构成文化外交的主要属性。文化外交源于文化关系而“高”过之;突出双向交流与相互沟通,而异于公共外交那种单向信息输出和强行价值灌输的特征。学术界对它的关注和研究在不断升温,但其理论体系的建构和实际地位的确定仍需不断深化。对文化外交的解读,旨在警惕文化外交冷战模式的再现,尽力使之回归本质,为推动国家之间、人民之间的相互理解和信任而用,为建构一个和谐的世界而用。     

试论我国区际继承法律冲突及其解决途径

由于“一国两制”方针的推行和一些特殊历史原因的影响,我国已经成为“一个国家,两种制度,三大法系,四个法域”的复合法域国家,区际法律冲突不可避免。在大量出现的区际民事法律关系中,继承关系占据了一定比例。由于我国四法域的继承法律制度差异很大,且区际继承关系较其它的民事关系复杂,所以,区际继承法律冲突及其解决途径问题则更加复杂。本文在比较四法域继承法律制度异同的基础上,详细评析了区际继承法律冲突各种解决途径的优劣利弊,认为通过准用(或类推适用)国际私法解决区际继承法律冲突是目前最现实、最可行、最稳妥地选择。     

网络作品与传统著作权法的悖论——论知识产权保护方法的创新

网络作品和数据信息的繁荣发展对世界各国现行的知识产权制度提出了挑战。因为网络作品和数据信息的表现形式、传输特点、技术含量和经济价值的特殊性,使得其权利更容易被人侵犯,而在保护措施上具有更大的难度。本文笔者结合国内外的理论与实践对网络作品和数据信息的法律保护问题提出了一些看法,对著作权法保护、反不正当竞争法保护和特别法保护作了较为深入的分析,旨在为理论界的研讨和司法界的实务起抛砖引玉作用。     

International Organizations ICTs Policies: E‐Democracy and E‐Government for Political Development

New technologies provide new channels of access to political information and participation in decision‐making processes. This assumption is clearly important in the action plans and policies of International Organizations (World Bank, Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development, United Nations), which have assumed a leadership role in the reform of political institutions. Starting from an analysis of the reasons that have brought the state and processes of institution building back into focus, this paper will reconstruct the International Organizations' vision of the transformative potential of new information technologies and their activity in this field. Particular attention will be devoted to e‐democracy and e‐government as policies to build democracy in developing countries.     

Tradable Permits for Common‐Pool Resources: An Assessment

Scholars often attribute deterioration in common‐pool resources (CPRs) to ill‐defined property rights and suggest privatization and tradable permit markets as a solution to the commons problem. CPRs are heterogeneous, differing in physical characteristics and use patterns. Regulating their use requires tailored policy solutions that cohere with these characteristics. This paper examines factors that contribute to a well‐performing tradable permit market. While the literature offers rich empirical analyses of individual tradable permit markets, it has not provided an analytical framework enabling comparative analysis of these markets. This paper develops and employs an analytical framework for comparing across markets. The comparative analysis of market performance suggests that markets are not successful in all environmental problems and all demand situations. Further, it shows that even some markets frequently cited as exemplary successes have been that for nonmarket‐related reasons. On the other hand, this comparative analysis identifies sources of success for markets that partial analytical frameworks would have predicted to fail.