行政诉讼中的事实审与法律审

行政诉讼中的事实,审查与法律审查的范围和力度等问题,在理论上和实践中一直未得到很好的解决。笔者认为,症结在于学术研究与实际应用之间的矛盾以及理论与实践的冲突。寻求两者之间科学合理的划分标准,发现其中的模糊区域,发挥司法能动性,以及建构司法审查模式,具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。     

Exogenous Lipoid Pneumonia as a Contributory Factor in a Drug‐related Death

Postmortem investigation often reveals various conditions, which may or may not have played a part in the death of the individual. The case of a 32‐year‐old woman is reported, with a long history of drug addiction. She was found dead in her bed. The autopsy revealed diffuse pulmonary edema with congestion of the lungs, brain, liver, and spleen. Microscopic examination of the lungs showed multiple intra‐alveolar and interstitial foamy macrophages and extracellular fat droplets surrounded by polynuclear giant cells. Death was attributed to acute polydrug intoxication. As microscopic examination had revealed severe pulmonary lesions, lipoid pneumonia was considered as a contributing factor to death. Lipoid pneumonia is an uncommon entity with the characteristic radiograph features and histologic findings of alveoli filled with vacuolated, lipid‐laden histiocytes. It can be either exogenous or endogenous in cause, based on the source of the lipid. Exogenous lipoid pneumonia usually results from aspiration or inhalation of fat‐like material, such as mineral oil or petroleum‐based lubricants and decongestants, resulting in pulmonary inflammatory reactions.     

铁案如山与莫须有——中国古代诉讼中的双重证明标准？

中国古代诉讼的事实认定中,存在着铁案如山与莫须有两种证明标准.前者强调事实认定绝对正确,后者则允许事实认定有较大可能性.前者又分为不要求特定证据的一般铁案如山标准及要求有特殊证据的特殊铁案如山标准,后者则可分为可能性很大与有可能两种标准.铁案如山标准关注案件的真实发现,莫须有标准能体现对于伦理、效率、仁政等价值观的维护.对特殊铁案如山标准的强调有可能会导致无效审理,而莫须有标准若适用不当会导致冤案与错案的发生.     

社会法学派的法律发现观及其启示

社会法学派的法律发现观主要从目的、利益与法律的"自由"发现、返回司法"实际"的法律发现、司法的实用性与规则的虚无性三个角度来诠释的。与其我们掩耳盗铃式"发现法律",不如坦白承认法官造法之于司法公正的意义。"发现"是"创造"的源泉,而"创造"是"发现"的延伸。     

Infant death scene investigation and the assessment of potential risk factors for asphyxia: a review of 209 sudden unexpected infant deaths

At the Wayne County Medical Examiner Office (WCMEO) in Detroit, Michigan, from 2001 to 2004, thorough scene investigations were performed on 209 sudden and unexpected infant deaths, ages 3 days to 12 months. The 209 cases were reviewed to assess the position of the infant at the time of discovery and identify potential risk factors for asphyxia including bed sharing, witnessed overlay, wedging, strangulation, prone position, obstruction of the nose and mouth, coverage of the head by bedding and sleeping on a couch. Overall, one or more potential risk factors were identified in 178 of 209 cases (85.2%). The increasing awareness of infant positions at death has led to a dramatic reduction in the diagnosis of sudden infant death syndrome at the WCMEO. This study suggests that asphyxia plays a greater role in many sudden infant deaths than has been historically attributed to it.     

吉林省农村群体性突发事件的原因及对策

农民负担过重，执行政策过程中出现的偏差，基层组织建设薄弱，参政渠道不畅及个别领导干部的腐败行为等是产生农村群体性突发事件的主要原因，因此，解决农村群体性突发事件应大力发展农村经济，减轻农民负担，严惩腐败，改进政府工作方式和领导干部的工作作风，密切干部关系，高度重视思想政治工作，利用法律和道德的教化功能，化解矛盾，建立健全矛盾纠纷排查调处机制，加强信访立法，推进基层民主政治建设，拓宽参考渠道，提高农民素质，增强民主法律意识。     

对峙性缉捕战术研究

对峙性缉捕是指在缉捕主体和缉捕对象都已将对方纳入视野,形成对峙的状态下所展开的缉捕.对峙性缉捕战术包括遭遇性对峙缉捕战术、围捕战术、动态对峙缉捕战术.     

论民事诉讼突袭

由于我国在法律规定方面存在的漏洞,以及当事人滥用诉讼权利,在诉讼中形成对对方当事人的诉讼突袭,法院在职权主义因素的影响下做出一些突袭性裁判,都对我国诉讼程序的合理运转形成阻碍。我们应该借鉴国外经验,比如禁反言理论,答辩失权制度,举证时限原则,反诉限制制度以及向当事人主义诉讼模式的转变,从而防止诉讼突袭。     

民事证据法的目的

目的论对于制定和解释民事证据法具有重要的指导意义。民事证据法的目的可以分为根本目的与其他目的两个层次。发现真实是根本目的 ,其他目的包括诉讼效率、程序公正、解决纠纷、保护其他权益。不同目的之间既有兼容关系 ,也存在着紧张和冲突。当诸目的出现冲突时 ,一般应当本着既有利促进实现根本目的又能兼顾其他目的的原则来制定证据规则。在处理当事人收集证据与法院调查取证、举证期限、非法证据排除、释明义务等问题时 ,应当充分考虑根本目的的要求。