中国农村法治的型构

中国农村法治建设需要从四个方面着手进行：一是多管齐下,加强法治观念的培育;二是采取措施,推动城乡结构的转型;三是完善和理顺民主机制,落实村民自治;四是从客观现实出发,整合法治资源。     

Pre-set estimation-based in-silico silhouette-based methodology for improving the robustness to viewing direction difference for assisting forensic gait analysis

Forensic gait analysis is used to visually and quantitatively analyze information regarding the appearance and style of walking that can be presented as evidence in the court. The demand for analyzing CCTV pedestrian footage in video surveillance has been increasing. The dependence of the accuracy of semiautomatic silhouette-based analysis, often used in forensic science, on the differences in the viewing directions is a very challenging issue that is yet to be resolved for real case applications. Currently, the different viewing directions used in comparison footage significantly decrease the accuracy of same person analysis when using the silhouette-based method, often used in the Japanese forensic science domain. A calibration-based method was previously prosed to resolve this problem, but it requires performing an elaborate measurement procedure at the camera installation site for an accurate analysis. In this study, we propose a novel in-silico silhouette-based analysis method that significantly expands the number of viewing direction pre-set settings to 900 from the 24 used in the previous method. Several software tools have been developed to ensure that all the procedures can be executed on a computer. The experimental results confirm that the accuracy of the proposed method is comparable to that of the calibration-based method. Furthermore, the practical comparison results from actual consultation confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method under existing viewing direction differences. We therefore anticipate that the proposed method will be beneficial for improving the analysis accuracy in real cases and therefore serve as a substitute of the previous method.     

Empirical evidence for AMBER alert as crime control theater: a comparison of student and community samples

While the AMBER Alert system is intended to facilitate the rescue of abducted children, it has practical and psychological limitations. Participants indicated their emotions and perceptions about Alerts before and after reading a vignette that manipulated details about a child abduction. Results indicate that the Alert system fits some criteria of Crime Control Theater (CCT). CCT polices are emotion-based legal actions that appear to address crime but fail to do so and have unintended consequences. Participants experienced panic about child abduction and believed the system is an effective tool which should be used no matter the unintended consequences. Emotions and panic positively related to perceptions of the system. Still, perceptions were not particularly positive, indicating that some participants recognize the system's limitations. Female and community participants generally had more positive perceptions than males and students, especially when experiencing high emotions or panic. Reading about an abduction reduced emotions overall and led to more positive perceptions (but only in the ‘AMBER Alert success’ condition). Reading about an ‘Alert failure’ did not affect perceptions. Results highlight the role of emotion in shaping perceptions of the system. As with other CCT policies, lawmakers should rely less on community sentiment and more on science when adopting legislation.     

基 于 功 能 性 磁 共 振 成 像 技 术 探 讨 针 刺 太 冲 穴 脑 激 活 区 的 性 别 差 异

目的 采用功能性磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance image, fMRI)技术观察针刺太冲穴所激活脑区的性别差异,以阐明针刺效应性别差异的机制。方法 女性组选取25例青年女性志愿者,男性组选取30例青年男性志愿者,针刺志愿者左侧太冲穴并收集fMRI数据。结果 女性组针刺太冲穴激活的脑区有左侧小脑下部、右侧缘上回、左侧中央后回。男性组针刺太冲穴激活的脑区有右侧缘上回、左侧中央盖沟、右侧中央旁小叶。与女性组比较,男性组更广泛地激活了右侧缘上回、右侧中央沟盖。结论 针刺受试者太冲穴激活脑区并不完全对称,针刺效应在大脑具有偏侧性,针刺太冲穴时大脑活动反应存在性别差异。     

An ecological path model of use of violence among African American adolescents

This cross-sectional study used an ecological framework to understand the risk and protective factors associated with use of violence among African American adolescents ages 12–17 years (N = 2,328). Using data from the 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, the authors study identified different direct paths in predicting use of violence among African American adolescents. The authors then computed a multigroup analysis to determine whether significant gender differences exist in use of violence. Path analysis results suggest micro, meso, and macro factors significantly predicted violence use. The strongest predictor of use of violence among African American youth was parental conflicts. The multigroup analysis suggests that the pathways to use of violence significantly differ between African American boys and girls. Among African American boys, the strongest predictor of increased use of violence was parental conflicts; among African American girls, it was negative peer influence. Findings suggest that all 3 ecological domains and gender differences should be accounted for when developing prevention or intervention services that target use of violence among young African Americans.     

浅议新企业会计准则下所得税核算的变化

按照新企业会计准则规定,所得税核算方法由原会计制度的应付税款法和纳税影响法下的递延法、收益表债务法,改为纳税影响会计法下的资产负债表债务法.文中针对核算方法的改变原因、变化差异做了初步探讨.     

城乡融合发展中的农村居民市民化协同联动机制

农村居民就地市民化是实现乡村振兴和城乡融合发展的重要环节,是基于身份的农民市民化和基于流动的农民工市民化基础上产生的新现象,凸显了居民主体自觉自愿转变身份的过程。在催生农村发展内生动力的过程中,更要突出农村居民的主体地位和主体作用,重塑政府、市场与社会三者之间的角色。浙江与陕西的案例表明,要推动农村居民市民化,必须构建起以农村居民为主体的政府赋权、市场赋利与社会赋能协同联动机制,进一步增强农村居民的主体意识,激活蕴藏在广大农村地区的巨大潜力和发展动能,从而逐步让农村居民享有与城镇居民同等品质的现代生活。     

Psychosocial comparison of carers and noncarers

Abstract

Limited exploration of young carers’ (YCs) impacts includes noncaregivers, thus reducing our understanding of YCs’ unique characteristics. Secondary comparative analyses of 124 YCs (n?=?72 females, Mage?=?12) and 124 noncarers were conducted to examine family, individual, and social contexts. Statistical analyses revealed YCs were different from non-YCs, suggesting caregiving could be a contributing factor in altering temperament and family dynamics as well as lowering self-esteem and raising the incidence of depressive symptoms. A comprehensive YC profile resulted from the findings. This profile may help promote identification and recognition of YCs.     

Cab fair: taxi driving and South Asian labor activism in New York City, 1985–1999

Abstract

The labor strike of 13 May 1998 was an historic event for the New York Taxi Workers Alliance (NYTWA). Under the leadership of Bhairavi Desai, 98% of New York City’s 24,000 yellow cab drivers refused to work. The strike disrupted the flow of city life, but it also shattered the belief that taxi drivers were atomized and therefore unable to organize, effectively exercise power, or earn basic working rights for themselves. This unprecedented strike was thus an act of self-assertion for taxicab drivers in the 1990s, who were predominantly of South Asian origin and had been victims of unjust violence and discrimination in the city. This article questions how immigrant taxi cab drivers came to cooperate with one another in the late nineties to fight for fair wages. It also explores how members of the NYTWA overcame class disparities and ethnic differences among themselves to serve common goals.     

论马克思主义的“家族相似”

自从马克思、恩格斯创立的马克思主义问世之后,世界各地产生了各式各样的马克思主义流派和理论,它们的内容及其主要思想相差很大,没有统一的标准,但其信奉者都把自己说成是真正的马克思主义.他们是遵照还是曲解了马克思恩格斯创立的马克思主义,什么是真正的马克思主义,文章从"家族相似"的视角对这一问题作了回答.