日本增加农民收入的途径及启示

农业在国民经济中处于基础地位,增加农民收入是刺激农村消费需求、提高农村购买力、扩大内需的重要途径。日本在增加农民收入方面的成功经验主要包括政府的大力扶持、农业经营模式的完善、全方位的科技研发推广及积极推动城乡互动发展等。从日本经验的总结中我们可以得出一些有益的启示：建立完备的法律法规;完善农民合作经济组织体系;加大政府对农业的补贴及政策倾斜;灵活运用WTO的相关规定和原则;加强农业科技开发的推广和劳动者素质的提高;实现城乡互动发展。     

大学生英语词汇记忆差异初探

英语词汇是大学英语的基础,大学生在英语词汇记忆方面存在种种差异,主要表现在学习态度和学习动因、记忆方法与技巧、生理状态等方面。大学生在写作上犯得最多的是词汇错误,在听力上感觉最困难的也是词汇,在口语表达及课上回答问题方面最大的障碍也是词汇的缺乏。     

Gender Differences in the Connections Between Violence Experienced as a Child and Perpetration of Intimate Partner Violence in Young Adulthood

This paper uses longitudinal and nationally representative survey data to investigate the direct relationship between three forms of child maltreatment (neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse), and future intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration in the USA. We further examine the indirect effect that child maltreatment has on future IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration, and the roles of socioeconomic factors on committing youth violence and IPV. Analyses indicate that gender differences exist for the developmental relationship between child maltreatment and young adult IPV perpetration, and the effects of socioeconomic factors on youth violence and IPV perpetration. For males, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused as a child on IPV perpetration are not significant. However, the indirect effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration through the presence of youth violence perpetration are significant. For females, the direct effects of being neglected/physically abused on IPV perpetration are significant. The indirect effect of being neglected on IPV perpetration is significant, while the indirect effect of childhood physical abuse is not significant. Childhood sexual abuse is not significantly directly associated with IPV perpetration for females; however, for males, it is the strongest (i.e., largest effect size) direct predictor of IPV perpetration. The indirect effects of childhood sexual abuse on IPV perpetration are not significant for both females and males.

英汉语言文化中礼貌原则的差异

英汉语言文化中礼貌原则的差异,实质上就是中西方在总的文化背景方面差异的具体体现。以中西方文化背景的差异为主线,从隐私语、称呼语、谦辞与客套等方面进行对比研究,对于提高学生的跨文化交际能力大有裨益。     

Gender Differences in Posttraumatic Stress and Related Symptoms Among Inner-City Minority Youth Exposed to Community Violence

This study examined gender differences in levels of violence exposure, and in levels of posttraumatic stress (PTS) and related symptomatology in a sample of inner-city predominantly African American youth. Because such youth are at risk for exposure to chronic community violence, they are likely to experience considerable distress and clinical or subclinical levels of posttraumatic stress and related symptoms. Previous research has found that although boys are exposed to violence more frequently than are girls, girls are more likely to express posttraumatic stress and related symptoms as a result of violence exposure. Thus, we examined gender as a moderator of the relation between violence exposure and symptoms. A stronger positive association of anxiety and depression symptoms with extent of community violence exposure for girls than boys was found. It was also found that while girls do not appear to differ in their responses to witnessing violence versus being a victim of violence, boys appear to be more distressed by being a victim of violence than by witnessing violence.     

Behavior Problems in Children Exposed to Wife Abuse: Gender Differences

Family aggression patterns and behavior problems of children, aged 6-12, recruited from shelters for battered women (shelter group) were contrasted with three comparison groups of currently nonviolent families: two-parent, single-mother, and homeless. Girls who had been exposed to recent interparental wife abuse were predicted to show more internalizing and externalizing behavior problems than similarly exposed boys, based on recent literature. Homeless and shelter mothers reported the highest rates of parent-child aggression. Shelter girls obtained significantly higher total, internalizing and externalizing behavior problem ratings than shelter boys, and than two-parent and single-mother girls. Shelter boys obtained significantly higher internalizing ratings than two-parent boys. Shelter and homeless children were rated as having equivalent levels of behaviour problems. Across all groups, mothers' psychological adjustment was a better predictor of daughters' adjustment than that of sons. The study concluded that the assumption that preadolescent girls have greater immunity to psychosocial risk is unfounded.     

中西方社会文化差异与外语教学

语言作为文化的组成部分 ,语言的发展和变化均受到社会的影响。深入研究语言的社会文化因素 ,培养学生的文化洞察力 ,注重中西文化差异和社会文化因素 ,成为外语教学的一个重要课题     

Continuity in crime: Sex and age differences

This study deals primarily with the question of continuity in serious criminality. The study follows a cohort consisting of 15,117 individuals from the age of 15 years through the age of 30 years. The age-based transition probabilities are studied, both for males and for females, showing that the transitions for females conform to a first-order Markov chain, so that the original matrices can be seen as estimates from a single parent matrix. This was not the case for males. The predictive power of prior criminality for later transition probabilities is also studied. Finally, the difference between stating that a given percentage will relapse in crime and the ability to make real prediction is emphasized.     

信息网络化社会的师生和谐关系构建路向

师生冲突不仅要关注基本概念、行为类属、成因根源、功能认识、问题策略等核心要素的必要分析,也应充分考虑诸如发生状况、内涵构成、责任主体、总体性质等涵盖要素的分析必要。基于此,立足信息网络化社会特征及其对学生的影响,在阐明信息网络化社会师生冲突基本样态基础上,结合师生和谐权力占有和权益分配关注面缺失下和谁之谐与怎样和谐的合理追问,从形式和内涵两方面提出信息网络化社会社会视野下和而不同式师生和谐关系的构建路向。     

西北少数民族地区公民权利保障的城乡差距分析

西北少数民族地区公民权利保障水平在提高的同时,存在着严重的城乡差距,这种差距既是我国城乡差距的反映,也体现了西北少数民族地区的自身特点。分析这种差距,为政府增强对西北少数民族地区农牧民权利的救助提供理论帮助。