使用假身份证实施的反侦查行为初探

使用假身份证实施的反侦查行为,是指犯罪行为人针对侦查机关的侦查行为,使用假身份证向侦查机关传递虚假信息,干扰侦查视线、破坏侦查线索,以躲避侦查、逃避打击的行为总和。使用假身份证实施反侦查行为的外部影响因素有科技水平、犯罪亚文化、个案的侦查措施和手段。其表现形式有：犯罪预备阶段的反侦查行为、犯罪实施阶段的反侦查行为、犯罪后潜逃阶段的反侦查行为。对此类反侦查行为的利用,侦查人员应主动收集反侦查信息,把握犯罪活动中的信息转移规律;同时还应采用传统侦查措施与信息化侦查措施相结合的方式综合判断嫌疑人身份。     

论信用卡诈骗案件的侦查

信用卡诈骗案件的立案应谨慎,严格刑法入罪,对信用卡透支到期不还的行为不能都以犯罪论处,刑法重在打击恶意透支行为。侦查机关应分析犯罪分子作案规律,严密布控,伺机抓获现行,或从涉案信用卡入手挖掘侦查线索。侦查人员应注重现场勘查,从犯罪分子遗留信息如监控录像记录、指纹、通信和住宿登记信息等入手突破案情。还可以通过对POS机商户的业务进行排查,发现可疑线索,集中查处一批信用卡诈骗案件。侦查中,应注意针对行为人的非法占有目的进行证据收集,如伪造的或作废的信用卡、催收记录等。     

Forensic examination of security features of the CDC-issued COVID-19 vaccination card and suggested improvements to minimize counterfeiting

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the United States released the CDC-issued vaccination card to document the status of immunizations. It eventually was used as a verification system to allow patrons to safely access public venues. This is/was apparently a simple printed piece of paper with minimal security features which made it an easy target for counterfeiters with little expertise required. Those unvaccinated who wished to enter areas that required proof of the COVID-19 vaccine were soon finding alternative illegal methods to do so which led to public health concerns. This research was divided into two parts. Part A aimed to forensically identify the security features with a video spectral comparator and a stereomicroscope. Ten “known” blank cards were collected directly from dispensaries that administered the vaccine and 68 “unknowns” from individuals who received the COVID-19 vaccine. Part B aimed to evaluate the authentication systems employed by countries outside the United States to propose a model on how the vaccination card could be improved and what security features should be included for future instances requiring proof of immunization. The results revealed the CDC document was produced with minimal security features making the document prone to counterfeiting. Furthermore, based on the information collected from other countries' vaccination certificates, it is recommended to develop a dual authentication system, with digital and printable aspects, that contains a QR code linked to a database. Other security features may include a non-optical brightener substrate, security fibers, a watermarked logo, offset printing, and a geographical color-coded system.     

贵州汉族19个STR基因座多态性及法医学应用

目的调查19个常染色体STR基因座在贵州汉族人群中的等位基因分布,评估其在法医学中的应用价值。方法应用Goldeneye~(TM) DNA身份鉴定系统20A试剂盒,研究贵州520名汉族无关健康个体19个常染色体STR基因座多态性。用310型遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,Gene Mapper~ID v3.1进行基因分型。结果 19个常染色体STR基因座的杂合度为0.603 8~0.916 4,个体识别率为0.790 0~0.985 6,非父排除率为0.295 5~0.826 9,多态信息含量为0.553 5~0.908 9,累积个体识别率为1-1.230 0×10~(-22),累积非父排除率为0.999 999 99。贵州汉族和其他五个地域的汉族两两之间等位基因频率比较,仅贵州汉族与山东汉族、辽宁汉族、山西汉族之间存在基因频率差异具有统计学意义。结论 D19S433等19个常染色体STR基因座在贵州汉族人群中具有良好的遗传多态性,对群体遗传学和法医物证学研究有应用价值。     

危险驾驶行为的刑事处罚探析

针对我国交通肇事现状,危险驾驶行为按照交通肇事罪加以定罪量刑,不能体现罚当其罪。建议在立法上增设"危险驾驶罪",将危险驾驶行为犯罪化,以明确国家对此类行为的否定性评价,从而对危险驾驶行为进行有效遏止,实现公平正义。     

拾卡使用问题研究

最高检的司法解释认为,拾得他人信用卡并在自动柜员机（ATM机）上使用的行为,属于《刑法》第196条“冒用他人信用卡”的情形,应以信用卡诈骗罪来追诉。信用卡诈骗罪属于诈骗罪的一个分支罪名,两者属于特殊法条与一般法条的关系。目前的司法解释过于简单,要根据具体的情况进一步解读,同时,要通过一般条款来弥补追诉上的漏洞。     

防范以银行卡密码为突破口的犯罪侵害

当前,银行卡使用密码的便捷性与安全性的矛盾日益突出。人为设置密码的安全性受制于设置者的智力水平和对安全性能考虑的周密程度,人为设置密码的经常变更也无法抵御随时可能发生的密码被窃取或者骗取的风险。非法获取他人密码是“前置性犯罪”,而获取他人密码之后的犯罪活动可称为“后发性犯罪”。应当在《个人信息保护法》中明确对密码的特别保护,进一步明确银行在保护客户密码安全方面的义务,努力创造条件对银行账户采用生理纹线识别技术。     

A novel FTA™ elute card collection method that improves direct DNA amplification from bloodstained concrete

Concrete is a common construction material found in residential and commercial buildings, bridges and parking lots that is a composite matrix containing aggregate held together with cement. The porous nature of concrete can make the collection and genotyping of biological fluids, such as blood, challenging. Forensic evidence can become embedded within the matrix, potentially reducing the amount of DNA available for analysis. In forensic science, “direct” amplification refers to a genotyping method that amplifies a DNA profile directly from a sample without DNA extraction, saving time and money. We investigated a novel application of Whatman? FTA? Elute cards in their ability to directly amplify PowerPlex® Fusion and Y23 profiles from minute amounts of blood that had been deposited on different concrete structures. In comparison to traditional collection methods, directly profiling blood stained construction materials using FTA? Elute cards increased the percentage loci amplified and significantly improved both allele peak height and peak height ratio while reducing allelic drop-out. FTA? Elute cards can provide a reliable, inexpensive and superior alternative to traditional methods.     

盗窃信用卡并使用行为之定性分析 --兼评《刑法》第196条第3款

盗窃信用卡并使用行为的定性问题,学界尚存争议,其争论的焦点主要在于盗窃信用卡并使用的行为是否成立盗窃罪的问题.现行立法与司法解释对此种行为的定性并不妥当,盗窃信用卡并使用的行为不构成盗窃罪,应定信用卡诈骗罪.由此,应改变<刑法>第196条第3款的的拟制规定为注意规定.     

论使用以虚假的身份证明骗领的信用卡之行为

使用以虚假的身份证明骗领的信用卡中的“使用”,是指按信用卡通常的使用方式使用;“骗领”仅限于以虚假的身份证明骗领,不包含使用真实身份证明但采用虚构资信材料、提供虚假担保等欺骗手段骗领信用卡的情形。使用以虚假的身份证明骗领的信用卡并非当然构成信用卡诈骗罪,不具有骗取财物的目的或意图者应排除在外。对盗窃以虚假的身份证明骗领的信用卡后又予以使用并取得了大量财物的行为,不能按盗窃罪定罪处罚,仍然只能定信用卡诈骗罪。