组织他人偷越国(边)境罪司法认定若干问题解析

组织他人偷越国(边)境罪的组织包括集团犯罪、一般共同犯罪和单独犯罪,协助组织包括但不限于首要分子指挥下实施的拉拢、引诱、介绍;持用骗领的出入境证件而出入境属于偷越,但要予以适当限定。本罪侵害的直接客体是我国的出入境许可制度,以被组织人通过实际国(边)界线或者边防检查为既遂标准。视不同情形,本罪与其他妨害出入境管理秩序犯罪分别形成牵连、吸收或者想象竞合关系。     

论债之对外效力的表现

债之效力区分为对内效力与对外效力。对外效力是对债之关系当事人之外的第三人所产生的效力。一般情况下债权仅在当事人之间发生拘束力,但为了保障债权的实现,在特殊情况下法律对合同相对性予以突破。债的对外效力的表现主要包括:债权的保全,债权的物权化,第三人侵害债权,涉他合同。     

Adoption model to assess the user acceptance of smart card technology

Smart card technology is one of the most recent computer revolutions, making its way world-wide into the hands and wallets of everyone. Today smart cards are used all over the world as personal identification cards for corporate building security systems and personal computer equipment access control. Governments, financial services, transportation, telecommunications, healthcare, education, retail and many other industries are planning to or already using smart cards as a means of providing better security and improved services to its customers and users. Understanding the factors that influence user acceptance of information technology is of interest both to researchers in a variety of fields as well as procurers of technology for large organizations. The purpose of this study is to develop an acceptance model and evaluate the user acceptance of smart card in Iran. A pilot study is conducted and a total of 46 questionnaires were distributed among the master students in field of computer science （information security and software engineering） at University Technology Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur. The measurement items in the questionnaire asked about their awareness and acceptance of smart cards, and the initial findings are presented and discussed.     

From voter ID to party ID: How political parties affect perceptions of election fraud in the U.S.

This paper uses a survey experiment to assess what individuals understand about election fraud and under what circumstances they see it as a problem. I argue that political parties are central to answering both these questions. Results from the 2011 CCES survey suggest respondents are able to differentiate between the relative incentives of Democrats and Republicans where fraud tactics are concerned, but whether voters see these tactics as problematic is heavily influenced by partisan bias. The results show little support for the notion that partisan ideology drives fraud assessments, and suggest support for the idea that individual concerns for fraud are shaped a desire for their preferred candidate to win. These results offer insights that might be applied more broadly to questions of perceptions of electoral integrity and procedural fairness in democracies.     

促进文档信息化 加快档案事业的发展

21世纪的档案工作将以电子化、数字化、网络化为主,这是一个划时代的变化.必须大力提高档案工作者的综合素质,更好地开发、利用文档信息资源,转变档案信息服务方式,为经济建设和精神文明建设服务.     

西北地区社会网络化水平指数法测评

确立社会网络化指数法测评模型的主旨在于:以社会化的视角衡量与信息网络相关的诸领域的发展现状。运用此模型对西北地区社会网络化水平进行测算、比较、分析,目的是从微观、中观、宏观诸领域对西北地区社会网络化现状进行全面、系统的研究。     

警察自由裁量权:如何有效地管理?--从警察行政管理的角度分析

在警察的日常执法活动中,警察机关和警察个体拥有较大的自由裁量权.其产生的原因是由执法过程本身的特殊规律所形成的;由警察执法的优先选择性所带来的;由警察面对的大量"违法"事件的性质所决定的.自由裁量权的使用具有如下特点警察行使自由裁量权已对公正执法产生了一定的影响;警察自由裁量权的使用因面临的局势不同而各异;警察处理治安案件比刑事案件更倾向于使用自由裁量权.对警察的自由裁量权实施管理的有效措施强化警察的思想道德教育,切实提高正确使用自由裁量权的能力;树立新的执法观念;促进自由裁量权的合理使用;特别重视警察自由裁量权的控制问题,尽量减小其滥用的可能性.     

试论阿拉伯语在云南回族语言中的运用

阿拉伯语是阿拉伯各民族使用的语言,是世界上非常古老的语言之一.回族作为阿拉伯先民与中华民族结合而形成的民族类型,由于其形成过程的特殊性,决定了阿拉伯文化对回族的巨大影响力.云南回族由于地理环境的封闭性,继承的阿拉伯语言虽然在语音、语调甚至语意上发生了一些变化,但至今仍在宗教活动和生活中使用.     

误收假币后故意使用行为的刑事责任问题初探

误收假币后故意使用的行为具有刑事可罚性,应当以使用假币罪定罪处刑。在犯罪认定时,客观要件之中的“使用”行为不应以置于流通为必要;只要能够根据基础事实予以合理推定其主观上为“明知”,就足以认定其符合本罪的主观要件。由于该行为的期待可能性较小,因此处刑时应结合我国针对误收假币后故意使用行为的立法变动情况,对于数额较大的情形原则上只判处罚金刑,而是否侵犯公私财产权这一随机客体也具有影响量刑的功能。     

论目的犯的目的本质

目的犯的目的在本质上是犯罪目的,主要理由是:目的犯的目的同犯罪客体之间具有密切的联系;目的犯的目的是具有刑法意义的观念上的危害结果;目的犯的目的在本质上是犯罪目的,符合动机与目的之间的发生关系原理。