功利性改造向本质改造的回归

改造罪犯是监狱的职能。功利性改造是监狱履行职能的一把双刃剑,运用得不好就会产生一系列负面影响,甚至最终背离把人改造好的目的。只有合理应用功利性改造这个手段,消除因功利异化改造而产生的负面影响,实现从异化的功利性改造到本质改造的回归,才能从根本上实现法律赋予监狱的职能。     

The severity of intermediate penal sanctions: A psychophysical scaling approach for obtaining community perceptions

The use of intensive supervision programs (ISPs) and other forms of intermediate penal sanctions is increasing in the United States. This paper describes a preliminary investigation of the extent to which informed New Jersey residents believe that intermediate sanctions that are currently being implemented in their state are severe. Using cross-modality matching of magnitude estimation techniques adopted from psychophysics, we obtained severity ratings of 32 sentences across six sentencing modalities (ISPs, probation, imprisonment, home detention, weekend sentencing, and fines) from respondents who had been briefed beforehand about what these sentences entail. Results indicate that our respondents agree that ISPs, weekend sentencing, and home detention have retributive bite and may be accepted as sentences in their own right. Probation was seen as being relatively lenient, while imprisonment was seen as highly severe.     

Rational Choice and the Gender Gap in Crime: Establishing the Generality of Rational Choice Theory in Russia and Ukraine

Abstract

Using data elicited from a random sample of 1435 adults residing in Lviv, Ukraine, and Nizhni Novgorod, Russia, this study tests rational choice theory (RCT) across gender groups. It seeks to determine whether men and women have different perceptions of sanction risk and crime rewards, whether the formation of these perceptions is gender-specific, and whether RCT predicts criminal behavior equally for men and women. Results suggest that, for both genders, perceptions of crime rewards appear more important than sanction threats. Furthermore, perceived rewards of crime, but not sanction threats, partially explain associations between offending and personal and vicarious experiences with crime. Finally, the performance of RCT is consistent, but not identical, in explaining crime by men and women. The gender gap in offending appears to reflect differences between men and women in levels of perceived rewards, most likely acquired through direct and vicarious experiences with crime as well as through gender-variant emotional bonds.     

Predictors of Euroscepticism in six Western Balkan countries

ABSTRACT

Based on a combination of national representative surveys and semi-structured interviews conducted in six Western Balkan countries, the study represents a pioneering attempt at a systematic, comparative analysis of Euroscepticism in the Western Balkans. By employing a theoretical framework that tests the effects of utilitarian, political and cultural factors, the study identifies and interprets the strongest socio-demographical and attitudinal predictors of Euroscepticism. The study demonstrates that all three theoretical models have some explanatory power regarding Eurosceptical attitudes in the Western Balkans, albeit to different degrees. While utilitarian predictors have limited effects, domestic proxies and especially cultural factors such as traditional values, authoritarian orientations and particularly religious affiliation appear as the strongest predictors of Euroscepticism.     

对“严打”刑事政策的反思

作为一项重要刑事政策,"严打"能在短时期内改善社会治安形势,符合民意和政治需要,但是严打刑事政策破坏法治原则、背离正义原则、达不到功利目标,因而应该被废除,要针对犯罪发生的原因,用良好的社会政策去减少犯罪。     

论知识产权制度的国家责任

经济全球化使知识产权制度成为国家经济政策的一部分.面对全球化的挑战,知识产权制度应当以提升国家创新能力为目标,为更好的实现人权创造基础.知识产权的国家责任体现在两个方面:坚持知识产权的利益平衡,以及创造性地保护我国的优势领域.     

论基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行的停止形态

关于基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行的停止形态，在刑法理论和司法实务上存在犯罪中止、犯罪未遂和具体分析说三种立场。中止犯减免处罚的刑事政策根据是基于预防犯罪目的而对中止行为予以奖励，其对中止自动性的判断具有指导、制约作用。基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行，未能表明其已回到合法性轨道，其危险人格并未得以良性转化，仍具有预防必要性，不值得给予中止犯减免处罚的奖励。中止自动性的认定应当维持主观说的基本立场，但“能”和“欲”的判断必须受到功利价值观的制约。基于嫌恶之情放弃罪行，其犯罪欲望或其预期的犯罪收益无法通过继续犯罪得到实现，该停止行为应视为“欲而不能”,而非“能而不欲”,不符合中止自动性特征。