论公民基本权利效力的结构特点——兼辨宪法私法化与宪法司法化

公民基本权利的效力主要由公法效力(直接效力)及私法效力(间接效力)两个层面所构成,而这两个不同层面的效力分别为宪法司法化和宪法私法化提供了正当性基础。公民基本权利效力结构二元性是指公民基本权利同时具有公法效力和私法效力。其基本秩序是以公法效力为主、私法效力为辅。中国宪政的选择应以近代立宪课题为重心,以宪法司法化而不是宪法私法化为宪政实践的真正方向。     

论法规批准制度

法规批准制度是指有关主体制定的法规范性文件需经特定主体的批准才能生效的法律制度。现行法规批准制度存在批准范围小、批准程序缺少操作性等不足。完善法规批准制度需合理设置批准范围、完善批准程序等,并对经批准的法规性质进行了法理考察。     

On Correcting Biases in Self-Reports of Age at First Substance Use with Repeated Cross-Section Analysis

Household survey data on age at first use of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana,and hard drugs can be biased due to sample selection and inaccuraterecall. One potential concern is attrition, whereby individuals who getinvolved with substance use at an early age become increasingly less likelyto be surveyed in successive years. A comparison of data from the NationalHousehold Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA) with data from a longitudinal studysuggested that attrition might have caused substantially less bias thandid forward telescoping, the inflating of age at first useover time. The evidence of forward telescoping was particularly pronouncedwith respect to age at first use of alcohol. This paper presents a procedurefor correcting the distribution of age at first use for forward telescoping(but not attrition) by viewing a portion of the NHSDA data collected insuccessive years as constituting a cohort study. Results are presented fromapplying this procedure with NHSDA data collected from 1982 to 1995 forrespondents born 1968–1973. The findings suggest that preventionprograms need to be introduced at an earlier age than would be indicatedby uncorrected retrospective data. Other implications are alsohighlighted.     

Measurement Properties of the Communities That Care<Superscript>®</Superscript> Youth Survey Across Demographic Groups

Prevention science has produced information about risk and protective factors that predict adolescent drug use and related problem behaviors. This paper investigates the Communities That Care Youth Survey that measures multiple risk and protective factors. Using a sample of 172,628 students who participated in surveys administered in seven states in 1998, analyses were conducted to test the factor structure of these risk and protective factors and to test the equivalence of the factor models across five racial/ethnic groups (African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, Caucasians, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans), four grade levels (6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th) and both gender groups. Results support the construct validity of the surveys risk and protective factor scales and indicate that the measures are equally reliable across males and females and five racial/ethnic groups. Implications of these findings for science-based prevention planning are discussed.     

我国判例制度的建立与完善

由于强调知识的创新,强调人的创造力,知识更新加速了,这些都对反垄断法形成冲击,推动反垄断法的发展.有限的判例有效主义可以解决法律规则的抽象与具体生活的变化之间的矛盾,与我国的法律思想与法律传统具有某种相合之处.成文规则的基础地位及其有效性的加强.     

诉讼监督的规范学阐释与重构

重点论述我国检察机关诉讼监督体系的制度现状，以基于这一现状所展开法理研究的梳理评价为切入点，以诉讼监督在刑事立案、侦查、审判活动中的规范效力为出发点，以对法律条文作为一种规范而存在于成文法体系和诉讼活动中所体现的效力属性的分析为基本方法。通过定位检察机关诉讼监督活动作为一种规范在体系中的效力等级，尝试建立一种以法律规范在诉讼体系内进行自我效力定位为核心价值，并通过这种效力等级的区分，以达到对法律监督职能效果有所体现的规范检察学的制度雏形。     

电子通信错误对合同效力的影响

电子交易中往往会产生一些错误,这类错误与自动电文系统密切相关,主要包括两类：人为错误和信息系统产生的差错。对于电子通信中的人为错误问题,我国应参照美国、欧盟等立法,尤其是借鉴UECIC的规定,做出专门规定,自然人在与自动电文系统交易的过程中,允许发生错误的当事人在自动电文系统未向其提供更正错误的机会时撤回电子通信中发生错误的部分。由于问题的复杂性,电子商务的国内和国际立法都没有就信息系统本身出错的后果做出规定,宜由国内法院根据实际情况而提供不同的答案。     

"小产权"房法律分析

"小产权"房交易违反了国家的强制性法规,却成为社会上通行的做法。处理此类纠纷既要兼顾国家法规的立法旨趣与保护私人利益二者的要求,又要兼顾各方当事人之间的利益衡平。根据法令违反行为效力理论发展了传统的解决方案,提出最大限度尊重民事主体选择的办法。     

光船租赁情况下，有关船舶抵押权设立问题

本文就光船承租人设定船舶抵押权的效力 ,及光租合同下承租人的租货权与出租人设立的抵押权的关系等方面 ,论述了光租情况下 ,船舶抵押权设立。     

企业间借贷合同的效力认定及责任承担

企业间借贷合同符合合同法原理,现行政策及有关立法并未一概否定其效力,原有司法解释缺乏法律依据,现已着手修改,并已先行对部分企业之间变相借贷合同的效力予以认可,因此,应确认企业间借贷合同的效力。从经济学上说,利息就是货币的时间价值;在法律上,利息是由作为主债权的金钱债权而产生的法定孳息。因此,在责任承担上,利息的性质决定着在企业间借贷合同中,除本金债权外,利息债权也应予以保护,对此相关判例已经先行一步,期待司法解释能够根据合同法的规定予以明确,以便统一司法尺度。