益心泰有效组分对慢性心力衰竭兔肝脏组织形态的影响

目的 观察益心泰有效组分对慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)兔肝脏组织形态的影响.方法 采用阿霉素耳缘静脉注射+丙基硫氧嘧啶混悬液灌胃制作兔CHF模型,将模型复制成功的兔分为模型组,益心泰有效组分低、中、高剂量组和氯沙坦钾组,另设正常对照组.干预4周后比较各组兔一般情况,运用超声心动图检测室间隔厚度(interventricular septal thickness,IVST)、左心室后壁厚度(left ventricular posterior wall thickness,LVPWT),并采集心肌、肝脏组织标本,比较各组兔心脏指数、肝脏指数及肝脏组织形态的变化.结果 与正常对照组比较,模型组IVST、LVPWT均升高(P<0.05),心脏指数、肝脏指数均上升(P<0.05).与模型组比较,各给药组兔IVST、LVPWT均降低(P<0.05),心脏指数、肝脏指数均下降(P<0.05).与益心泰有效组分低剂量组比较,益心泰有效组分中、高剂量组和氯沙坦钾组IVST、LVPWT均降低(P<0.05),心脏指数、肝脏指数均下降(P<0.05).正常对照组肝脏组织形态结构大致正常,各给药组肝脏组织形态改变较模型组有所减轻.结论 益心泰有效组分可改善CHF兔一般情况,降低IVST、LVPWT和心脏指数、肝脏指数,减轻肝脏病理结构损伤,改善心力衰竭.     

温阳健脾法治疗急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变的临床研究

目的 评价温阳健脾法治疗急性中心性浆液性脉络膜视网膜病变（central serous chorioretinopathy,CSC）的临床疗效。方法 将临床确诊为急性CSC的74例患者（75只眼）纳入研究,随机将其分为观察组（40例40眼）和对照组（34例35眼）,观察组予自拟温阳健脾之中药汤剂,对照组予口服改善微循环药物（复合维生素B、维生素C、肌苷）治疗,两组均治疗6周,治疗前后分别观察患者黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度（central macular thickness,CMT）及最小分辨视角对数值（logarithm of minimum angle of resolution,logMAR）。结果 治疗后两组视力较治疗前均有所提高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组优于对照组（P＜0.05）;治疗后两组CMT均低于治疗前（P＜0.05）,且治疗组下降值显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 温阳健脾法是治疗急性CSC的一种有效方法。     

荷丹片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙对高脂血症患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度及血管内皮功能的影响

目的 观察荷丹片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙对高脂血症患者颈动脉内膜中层厚度（intima-media thickness,IMT）及血管内皮功能的影响。方法 117例高脂血症患者被随机分为研究组（61例）和对照组（56例）,对照组单用瑞舒伐他汀钙治疗,研究组加用荷丹片治疗。分别于治疗前、治疗8周后测定两组患者颈动脉IMT、斑块面积,血脂,一氧化氮（nitric oxide, NO）,内皮素-1（endothelin-1, ET-1）水平。结果 治疗前两组患者血脂水平,颈动脉IMT、斑块面积,NO,ET-1水平比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。治疗8周后,研究组三酰甘油、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平显著低于对照组(P＜0.01),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、NO水平显著高于对照组(P＜0.01),ET-1,颈动脉IMT、斑块面积显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）。结论 荷丹片联合瑞舒伐他汀钙能够明显降低血脂,调节内皮功能,降低颈动脉IMT及斑块面积。     

Improving Sex Estimation from Crania Using a Novel Three‐dimensional Quantitative Method,,

This study utilizes an innovative 3D approach to discover metric variables that obtain the highest classification rates for sex estimation from the cranium. Models were constructed from 222 cranial CT scans of U.S. Whites from the Bass Donated Collection. These models were used to create a statistical bone atlas that captures the primary shape variation in the skull and facilitates rapid computer‐automated analyses. The bone atlas showed that important size‐related sex variables are bizygomatic breadth, maximum cranial length, cranial base length, and mastoid height. Shape‐related variables capture sex differences in the projection of the glabellar region, inclination of the frontal, and cranial base flexion. In addition, vault thickness is highly dimorphic, with females having on average thicker vaults in the frontal region, and males having thicker vaults in the occipital region. Cross‐validated linear discriminant analysis obtained >95% accuracy (97.5% with 11 variables and 95.5% with eight variables).     

Effect of Head Position on Facial Soft Tissue Depth Measurements Obtained Using Computed Tomography

Facial soft tissue depth (FSTD) studies employing clinical computed tomography (CT) data frequently rely on depth measurements from raw 2D orthoslices. However, the position of each patient's head was not standardized in this method, potentially decreasing measurement reliability and accuracy. This study measured FSTDs along the original orthoslice plane and compared these measurements to those standardized by the Frankfurt horizontal (FH). Subadult cranial CT scans (n = 115) were used to measure FSTDs at 18 landmarks. Significant differences were observed between the methods at eight of these landmarks (p < 0.05), demonstrating that high‐quality data are not generated simply by employing modern imaging modalities such as CT. Proper technique is crucial to useful results, and maintaining control over head position during FSTD data collection is important. This is easily and most readily achieved in CT techniques by rotating the head to the FH plane after constructing a 3D rendering of the data.     

Facial soft tissue depths in craniofacial identification (part I): An analytical review of the published adult data

With the ever increasing production of average soft tissue depth studies, data are becoming increasingly complex, less standardized, and more unwieldy. So far, no overarching review has been attempted to determine: the validity of continued data collection; the usefulness of the existing data subcategorizations; or if a synthesis is possible to produce a manageable soft tissue depth library. While a principal components analysis would provide the best foundation for such an assessment, this type of investigation is not currently possible because of a lack of easily accessible raw data (first, many studies are narrow; second, raw data are infrequently published and/or stored and are not always shared by some authors). This paper provides an alternate means of investigation using an hierarchical approach to review and compare the effects of single variables on published mean values for adults whilst acknowledging measurement errors and within-group variation. The results revealed: (i) no clear secular trends at frequently investigated landmarks; (ii) wide variation in soft tissue depth measures between different measurement techniques irrespective of whether living persons or cadavers were considered; (iii) no clear clustering of non-Caucasoid data far from the Caucasoid means; and (iv) minor differences between males and females. Consequently, the data were pooled across studies using weighted means and standard deviations to cancel out random and opposing study-specific errors, and to produce a single soft tissue depth table with increased sample sizes (e.g., 6786 individuals at pogonion).     

Comparability of radiographic and 3D-ultrasound measurements of facial midline tissue depths

As a second step in our three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound research on facial tissues, orthodontic patients with available lateral cephalographs (radiographs) allowing measurements of tissues along the midline of the face were recruited for ultrasound scanning. Comparison of three points on the upper lip (A-point), chin (B-point), and nose (nasion) produced differences of varying magnitude between radiographic and ultrasound measurements, with the B-point measurement being clearly affected by head orientation. Concordance was better for A-point and best for nasion. Although extension of two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound scanning of facial tissues to 3D scanning for forensic and surgical reconstructive purposes remains a worthy goal, it must be recognized that because of the differences in technique, measurements obtained from the different visualization modalities at present vary in their comparability.     

Facial Soft Tissue Depth Statistics and Enhanced Point Estimators for Craniofacial Identification: The Debut of the Shorth and the 75‐Shormax

Several methods that have customarily been used in craniofacial identification to describe facial soft tissue depths (FSTDs) implore improvement. They include the calculation of arithmetic means for skewed data, omission of concern for measurement uncertainty, oversight of effect size, and misuse of statistical significance tests (e.g., p‐values for strength of association). This paper redresses these limitations using FSTDs from 10 prior studies (N = 516). Measurement uncertainty was large (>20% of the FSTD), skewness (≥0.8) existed at 11 of the 23 FSTD landmarks examined, and sex and age each explained <4% of the total FSTD variance (η² calculated as part of MANOVA). These results call for a new and improved conceptualization of FSTDs, which is attained by the replacement of arithmetic means with shorths and 75‐shormaxes. The outcomes of this implementation are dramatic reduction in FSTD complexity; improved data accuracy; and new data‐driven standards for casework application of methods.     

透明胶带的厚度检验

目的研究不同品牌透明胶带的区分方法。方法利用测厚仪对35种不同品牌透明胶带的厚度进行检验,并对所得数据进行统计分析。结果 35种品牌透明胶带组成的595组样品对中有458组可以区分,区分率为77.0%。结论厚度检验法能够在一定程度上区分不同品牌的透明胶带,厚度检验结果可与化学成分检验相互佐证,使得鉴定结论更加准确可靠,为法庭科学领域透明胶带物证的区分提供了一种预检验方法。     

In vivo facial tissue depth study of Chinese-American adults in New York City

This study examines facial tissue depth in adult Chinese-Americans. Using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 landmarks across the faces of 101 individuals aged from 18 to 87 years. Summary statistics are reported for a sample of 67 individuals of normal weight (as determined by a body mass index [BMI] of 19-25). Statistical analyses were used to assess relationships between tissue thickness, age, and BMI. Results indicate that no significant relationship exists between tissue thickness and age for males, and for only 3/19 points in females. Also, only four points showed significant relationships between tissue thickness and sex. However, significant relationships exist between BMI and tissue thickness at multiple points for both males and females. Compared to other American and Asian populations in the literature, Chinese-Americans generally had thinner facial tissue; though, this difference was not assessed statistically. Finally, data generated in this study will add to the body of knowledge concerning facial tissue depth variation in modern humans.