纵向一体化对专用性投资的治理效果存在产业差异吗？

为了探究不同技术投入产业中,纵向一体化对于专用性投资的治理效率是否存在差异,选取了2009-2011年制造业上市公司数据加以验证.研究结论表明,纵向一体化对专用性投资的治理效果存在明显的产业差异,在低技术投入的产业中,更适合采用纵向一体化模式.研究深化了交易成本理论对于治理结构选择的认识,为已深入嵌入全球价值链的我国企业进行专用性投资治理机制选择提供实践借鉴.     

Preserving Community Assets: Do Foreclosure Sales Need to Negatively Impact the Neighborhood?

Research has linked concentrated foreclosures with negative neighborhood outcomes; for instance, increased crime and decreased property values. These outcomes drain community asset holdings and impact the longer term trajectory of the neighborhood. However, data reported in this article from a Boston study challenge the assumption that negative neighborhood outcomes are a foregone conclusion in the face of foreclosures. Analysis of interviews with real estate agents and other foreclosure professionals, neighborhood ethnographic observation, and citywide sales and foreclosure sales documents demonstrate that the distinct nature of the foreclosure sales process creates market disruptions heightening the risk for documented negative neighborhood outcomes. Attempts by the seller to reduce financial risks in the sale increase the likelihood of vacancy and create a market oriented toward investor–buyers. Understanding the risk preferences of key decision makers in the foreclosure sale process reveals new intervention points—such as intervening at the short sale, or expanding and updating foreclosure laws to reflect current foreclosure sales markets—to reduce market disruptions and preserve community assets in the face of foreclosures.     

反垄断法中交易不成损害的可赔偿性

交易不成损害应被视为垄断民事损害的典型表现之一,对该种损害提供赔偿救济,符合法律原则和损害赔偿法理论。但在各国司法实践中,是否判决赔偿和如何计算赔偿金额,却缺乏定论与共识。建立以"转换成本"为核心的判定标准,可简化交易不成损害可赔偿性的判断与计算过程,增强此类损害赔偿诉讼裁判的稳定性与连续性。我国未来出台的反垄断民事诉讼司法解释文件,宜对交易不成损害的可赔偿性及赔偿金额的计算方法作出规定。     

司法实践中如何掌握刑事证据相互印证的合理限度

文章从刑事证据相互印证的意义出发,分析刑事证据相互印证的优势价值,进而提出在刑事司法实践中应如何掌握和合理运用刑事证据相互印证。文章提出两个在当今司法实践中较为热点的问题:一是出现"一对一"的证据状况,如何综合运用相互印证审查和认定证据。二是如何正确认识指纹在证据相互印证过程中的作用。     

对我国环境部门实行垂直管理的思考

我国环境状况的恶化在很大程度上与各地放松环境管制有关,因此很多人主张国家环保总局应该对各地的环境部门实行垂直管理以加强对地方环境执法的监督。然而,垂直管理可能是一剂过于简单的药方,由于受地理距离、各地区环境和经济发展状况的差异以及污染类型的转变等因素影响,垂直管理能在多大程度上遏制地方不合理的经济发展冲动,促进地方环境执法状况的改善值得仔细分析。同时,垂直管理与世界各国环境行政执法上的分权趋势也不相符合。事实上,专门的执法监察机构一样可以强化上级环境行政机关对地方环境执法的监控,实施起来也比较简便和可行。     

The cost of belonging: exploring class and citizenship in Soweto's water war

More than a decade since the dawn of democracy, South Africa remains one of the most unequal societies in the world. Civil and political citizenship may have – rhetorically at least – reduced the stark racial inequality in the relationship between citizen and state evident under apartheid. Some authors suggest a positive correlation between social citizenship and social equality. However, in post-apartheid South Africa, deep socio-economic inequalities continue to mar the democratic content of society. Although rights to welfare and social services are nominally in place and are enshrined in the constitution, scores of poor, black South Africans are unable to claim social citizenship, precisely as a result of their class position. Using, as a lens, community struggles in Soweto against the commodification of water, this article seeks to explore the relationship between citizenship and class. It does this by addressing the relationship between the state and its citizens within the context of service delivery, paying particular attention to the impact of prepaid water meters and to the strategies that were employed by community movements in Soweto's ‘water war’. The key argument is that under the system of capitalism, class inequality will persist regardless of the extent of citizenship.     

Evaluating the Concept of Location Affordability: Recent Data on the Relationship Between Transportation,Housing, and Urban Form

The concept of location affordability holds that housing affordability should be augmented to include transportation cost as a related and substantial household cost burden. The recent United States foreclosure crisis of 2006–2008 offers an opportunity to evaluate location affordability as a concept for policy and practice by investigating the relationship between transportation cost burdens and negative housing outcomes. This article contributes to the growing literature on location affordability and the recent crisis with an analysis of default and foreclosure data for 70 metropolitan areas. The analysis includes transportation and housing cost burdens and demographic data, as well as multidimensional measures of urban form. High rates of automobility are associated with increased foreclosure. The urban form variables yield mixed results, suggesting the relationship between urban sprawl and affordability is complex. However, across a range of specifications, high levels of development intensity are associated with increased foreclosure rates. The results have implications for both the housing and transportation sectors and lend support for the notion of location affordability.     

Inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: A comparative case study

Classic theoretical research on the diffusion of policy innovation is usually based on decentralized democratic regimes. However, in authoritarian centralized countries such as China, questions such as, ‘What are the driving forces and the structural dynamics behind local government policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion?’ and ‘How do the governmental structural factors lead to the different patterns of diffusion of policy innovation across local governments?’ are interesting research topics. The theoretical framework proposed in this study highlights the roles of the contingent vertical and horizontal governmental relations in innovation diffusion. I extract two key properties: vertical mandatory intervention from the central government and horizontal political competition among peer governments. This research uses four models to develop a new typology of the inter-regional diffusion of policy innovation in China: (1) the enlightenment model, (2) the championship model, (3) the designation model, and (4) the recognition model. A comparative case study is conducted in this research, with four policy cases showing that China has developed diversified mechanisms to encourage local governments to perform policy innovation and inter-regional diffusion.     

垂直搜索在网络反恐信息分析系统中的应用研究

当前网络反恐形势严峻，网络反恐信息分析系统的建设和应用就显得特别重要。研究其中的垂直搜索、语义结构模板的定制、再搜索优化、关联排序优化等技术，可以更好地从海量网络信息中挖掘出反恐线索，更全面掌握网络舆情动态，利于舆情监测和预警。     

浅析影响政府执行力的结构因素

政府执行力在一定程度上表现为以政府为主体的功能输出，它受到结构的深刻影响。要提升政府执行力，在横向结构上应当综合借鉴和使用国外的“三角形结构”和我国的“同心圆结构”的优势，找准政府的定位，建设“有限而有效的政府”；在纵向结构上，应当以制度为基础充分发挥中央和地方两个方面的积极性；在组织结构上，应当以制度为依据解决“职责同构”、“上下对口”等问题，建立“和而不同”、优势互补的组织结构。