比较视野下的刑事被害人诉讼权利保障

随着被害人学及被害人保护运动的兴起,世界各国纷纷加强了刑事被害诉讼权利的保障。尽管我国现行刑事诉讼法取得了巨大的进步,将刑事被害人提升至当事人的诉讼地位并赋予了多项诉讼权利。但与先进国家相比仍存在诸多漏洞和不足。因此,通过对域外刑事被害人诉讼权利保障进行比较研究,吸取其精华,将会推动我国刑事被害人诉讼权利立法工作。     

论犯罪被害人被害人化

犯罪被害人被害人化是指被害人在遭受犯罪侵害后因各种主体内外因素的消极影响而处于的不健康状态,其特点表现为发展的阶段性、发生的可能性和状态的不健康性。心理学中的心理动力学理论、学习理论、认知理论都可以对被害人化作出一定的解释,而被害前、被害中和被害后的因素都影响被害人化的发生。     

中英刑法上强奸罪之比较

英国自上世纪中叶至本世纪初对强奸罪做过多次修改,当今英国强奸罪的概念与过去相比已有本质上的区别。从纵向评析英国强奸罪概念的发展过程,横向比较中英两国强奸罪的概念和构成,有助于深入探讨我国有关强奸罪法律所存在的问题。例如,强奸罪受害人是否仅限于女性,性行为指向是否仅限女性生殖器,婚内强奸是否构成犯罪,以及如何立法保障男性免受鸡奸等行为的侵害。     

试论刑法中的被害者过错制度

被害者过错问题是被害学理论中的一个关键问题。被害者过错问题的研究有着重要的刑法学意义,而这一问题虽已在不同程度上被各国刑法学界意识到,并在立法中有着片段性的反映,但问题没有被系统化地认识和规制。根据其对刑事事件发生的影响力大小及性质的不同,具体被害者过错可以被分为迫发行为、引发行为、激发行为和触发行为等几个层级,并和加害者刑事责任的大小呈反比对应关系。抽象被害者过错有着与此一致的道理。在刑法及一些相关法律中确立完整、系统的被害者过错制度,意义显著。     

The Impact of Increased State Regulation of Campus Sexual Assault Practices: Perspectives of Campus Personnel

ABSTRACT

Seeking to improve university accountability and compliance with federal mandates, states are considering new reforms including mandating reporting of campus sexual assault allegations. These new policies remain an empirical “black box.” To address these gaps, the current exploratory study draws upon a recent survey that examines the extent of awareness, perceptions, concerns, and policy practices of victim advocates and other personnel concerning new legislation. Virginia is chosen as the state for this case study given its recent implementation of a controversial mandated reporting law, as well as other initiatives, across institutions of higher education. Findings suggest that campus personnel are aware and largely supportive of the new reforms, but they also share concerns. Implications for research and policy development are discussed.     

Managing Victim Confrontation: Auto Theft and Informal Sanction Threats

Objectives. This paper explores how offenders manage the prospect of victim confrontation during auto theft. Methods. Data were drawn from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 35 active offenders recruited from the streets of a large Midwestern US city using snowball sampling methods. Results. Two contextual domains figured prominently in the offenders’ decision-making calculus: The area around the target and the target itself. The first galvanized the offenders’ attention to, and management of, informal social control. The second enjoined offenders to balance speed and stealth in breaching the target. Conclusions. Victim confrontation is an informal sanction that is distinct from both retaliation and traditional extralegal sanctions. The rarity with which it occurs in auto theft is likely due to confrontation avoidance measures offenders adopt at the front end of the offense and during the enactment process itself. The conceptual implications of victim confrontation in crime are explored in relation to the following five areas: (1) sanction celerity and present orientation; (2) sanction certainty and ambiguity aversion; (3) sanction interdependence; (4) violence avoidance; and (5) directions for future research.     

重新审视影响死刑废止进程之被害人因素

死刑研讨是我国刑法学界研究的一个热点问题，但是关于被害人在推动死刑废止进程中的作用学界却甚少涉猎。本文从刑罚理论角度出发论证并反思被害人在刑罚理论中的缺失，进而提倡建构被害人补偿制度从而为废止死刑的进程奠定民意基础，最后探讨被害人保护措施以推动死刑废止进程。     

Social workers' and police officers' perception of victim credibility: Perspective-Taking and the impact of extra-Evidential factors

Abstract

The credibility of a victim can be influenced by factors that objectively should not have any impact on the judgemental process. The present two studies examine the influence of two such factors: (1) the non-verbal behavior of the victim, and (2) the ethnic identity of the victim, in the context of two different perspectives of observation (victim focused or truth detecting). Study 1 focused on perspective taking, and was included for the methodological reason that in Study 2 perspective taking was necessarily confounded with subject gender. Study 1 indicates that the perspective of the observer has a significant influence on the perceived credibility of the victim and the interpretation of non-verbal behavior. In Study 2 perspective-taking was manipulated more realistically by including a sample of social workers and of police officers. The other two factors were manipulated in the videotapes. Results suggested that the white victim exhibiting white non-verbal behavior, judged by a social worker, is perceived as more credible and has less chance of secondary victimisation. The black victim however, exhibiting black non-verbal behavior, who is judged by a police-officer, is perceived as least credible and runs a higher chance of secondary victimisation.     

刑事被害人境遇之实证分析

通过对某区法院2004年-2007年上半年间审理的故意伤害等七类严重侵犯人身权利犯罪中被害人境遇的调研,系统分析了刑事被害人的艰难处境.发现有以下特点:暴力性犯罪多发,人身损害案件逐年攀升;民事司法救济不足,"空调白判"现象普遍;被告人赔偿能力弱,以罚代赔倾向明显;被害人负担能力差,亟待经济赔偿或补偿;相关救助制度缺位,利益诉求渠道不畅.     

刑事和解后续工作之浅探

刑事和解后续工作对于完善刑事和解机制、促进冲突彻底解决和社会和谐具有非常重要的意义。我国对刑事和解后续工作的探讨还需深化。刑事和解后续工作可从刑事和解协议的效力确认，加害人的犯罪预防和社会化，被害人的保障和保护三个方面具体展开。