社会治安视频监控的特点及作用

文章分析了社会治安视频监控真实直观性、覆盖系统性、应用便捷性、警示震慑性和广泛的参与性等特点,并由此阐述了社会治安视频监控为侦查工作提供了有力的要件支撑,使打击犯罪更加精准快捷,提高了办案效率,减少了办案成本,并在一定程度上起到了将犯罪行为扼制在萌芽阶段的作用。     

公安机关侦查讯问同步录音录像制度的思考

在当前刑讯等非法手段获取证据备受关注的情势下,于2013年1月1日正式施行的刑事诉讼法对同步录音录像制度予以纳入,对于规范侦查讯问程序,保障被讯问人人权,提高办案准确性,维护司法尊严,树立司法权威,无疑具有重要的意义。但规定过于笼统,可操作性低,因此有必要在借鉴我国检察机关在讯问职务犯罪嫌疑人全程同步录音录像工作经验以及英国的《警察与刑事证据法守则F》的合理规定基础上,对公安机关侦查讯问同步录音录像制度加以完善。     

Establishing Likelihood Ratios for Patterned Garment Comparisons from Seam Measurement Data,

It is often challenging to ascribe an objective measure of confidence for identifications based on surveillance imagery from a crime scene. The present work seeks to address this deficiency in the case of garment comparison evidence by developing a quantitative method for establishing a conservative lower bound on the likelihood ratio (LR) for identifications involving patterned garments. The method is based on statistical analysis of pattern offset measurements taken from a sample of garments of the same type (manufacturer, style, and size) as the seized evidence. The developed analysis framework was demonstrated on different types of garments over a range of modeled surveillance imaging scenarios with variable image quality; the lower bounds on the LRs ranged from approximately 10–1 to over 400–1. The statistical model was tested and validated through a large‐scale empirical study involving both simulated and human observer‐performed garment comparisons.     

我国网络舆论监督的法律文化分析

互联网自20世纪90年代中期开始在我国推广,经过20年左右的发展,已经成为社会生活中的新兴信息传播媒体,和传统媒体一样,互联网对以政府为主导的社会公共事务的正常运转,起到重要的监督作用.通过法律文化视角对这种网络舆论监督机制进行审视,并对目前网络舆论监督中存在的一些问题进行分析,有助于加快社会主义法治建设的历史进程.     

特别重大贿赂犯罪适用指定监视居住问题研究

根据新修订的《刑事诉讼法》第73条的规定,检察机关在查处涉嫌特别重大贿赂犯罪时,可以在侦查阶段对犯罪嫌疑人适用指定监视居住的强制措施.在肯定检察机关适用指定监视居住措施必要性的前提下,侦查机关在具体运用该措施时应当在坚持其适用原则的基础上,准确领会立法精神,重点把握指定监视居住的适用条件、适用场所、监督机制等问题,从而在司法实践中将该措施的良性效益发挥到最大.     

‘We're not like that’: Denial of racism in the Afrikaans press in South Africa

Abstract

While the South African media on the whole underwent significant shifts after the demise of apartheid, repositioning was especially acute on the part of the Afrikaans-language press, which during the apartheid years largely served as legitimising institutions for apartheid and now had to adapt to the changing democratic political and social environment. This repositioning coincided with a liberal consensus in the news media in general, in terms of which individual rights, independence of the media and freedom of speech were emphasised. What complicated matters for the Afrikaans media was the need to retain the loyalty of primarily white Afrikaans readers, who remained attractive to advertisers, while having to orientate itself in relation to the new centres of political power in the country. The precarious balance between the liberal consensus of individual rights and freedom of expression on the one hand, and the imperative to carry a torch for Afrikaans cultural identity in the new dispensation, comes to light in news coverage of a recent racist incident at a historically white, Afrikaans university. This article will seek to explore editorial comment on the incident in selected Afrikaans media, to indicate how the event was interpreted and presented as an individual transgression, rather than a systemic and historically determined problem.     

Screens in the sky: SAGE,surveillance, and the automation of perceptual,mnemonic, and epistemological labor

This essay investigates the centrality of the U.S. Military in the process of automating the labor of surveillance. The creation of Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE), an anti-nuclear defense system developed in the 1950s, marked the computerization of the perceptual, mnemonic, and epistemological labor that is necessary for surveillance and is emblematic of screening technologies. The essay situates SAGE in a long history of military surveillance that depended upon media technologies. Building upon the work of Michel Foucault and Freidrich Kittler, it is argued that media are essential for understanding how surveillance is problematized for security.     

初论指定监视居住必要性审查机制构建

《中华人民共和国刑事诉讼法》第73条对指定监视居住制度进行了规定,同时在第73条第4款规定了“人民检察院对指定监视居住的决定和执行是否合法实行监督”。《人民检察院刑事诉讼规则（试行）》第110条至第128条,对检察机关决定的指定监视居住的必要性审查做了规定,但对于审判机关、公安机关决定或者批准的指定监视居住的必要性审查制度没有涉及,从保护人权和国家法制统一的层面来说,我国的指定监视居住必要性审查机制在启动、审查范围等方面存在需要进一步完善的地方。     

The effects of closed-circuit television on crime: meta-analysis of an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation

This article reports results obtained in an English national quasi-experimental multi-site evaluation of 14 closed-circuit television (CCTV) projects in residential areas, town and city centers, a city hospital, and car parks (parking lots). Both police and victimization data were collected before and after the installation of CCTV in target, control and buffer areas, and police Divisions. The results showed that CCTV was effective in reducing crimes in train station car parks but not in city centers or residential areas, seemed to be effective in reducing vehicle crimes (but not other types of crimes), and was most effective when the degree of coverage by CCTV was high and when CCTV was combined with other interventions such as improved lighting. Implications for situational crime prevention theory are drawn. There was no evidence of displacement or diffusion of benefits. It is concluded that CCTV needs to be implemented more effectively, based on an analysis of the crime problem and its causes, and needs to be evaluated using a randomized experimental design.