中英视频监控系统建设与管理比较研究

英国的视频监控系统发展至今,从规划建设、标准认证到管理应用已趋于完善。我国视频监控系统虽发展迅速,但与英国的发展现状相比,我国在建设与管理方面还存在着行业监管薄弱、产品标准化推进缓慢、从业人员的从业态度不够端正和专业技能不高、产品的实用性和后期维护考虑不到位以及企业发展缺乏核心竞争力等不足,我国视频监控系统必须进行改革,才能不断完善和更好地发展。     

NEIGHBORHOOD HOUSING INVESTMENTS AND VIOLENT CRIME IN SEATTLE, 1981–2007*

Despite significant advances in the study of neighborhoods and crime, criminologists have paid surprisingly less attention to the extralocal forces that shape violence. To address this issue, we draw on an emerging body of work that stresses the role of home mortgage lending—a resource secured via interaction with external actors—in reducing neighborhood violence and extend it by addressing concerns that the lending–violence relationship is spurious and confounded by simultaneity. We explore the longitudinal relationship between residential mortgage lending and violence in Seattle with a pooled time series of 118 census tracts over 27 years, and we instrument our endogenous predictors (home mortgage lending and violent crime) with changes in their levels from prior periods. Employing Arellano–Bond difference models, we assess both the effect of mortgage lending on violent crime as well as the effect of violent crime levels on mortgage activity. We find that infusions of home mortgage lending yield reductions in subsequent violent crime; yet the impact of violent crime on subsequent lending is not significant. Results underscore the importance of incorporating external forces such as home mortgage lending into explanations of neighborhood violence.     

Legislation Targeting Sex Offenders: Are Recent Policies Effective in Reducing Rape?

In recent years, several pieces of state and federal legislation have imposed new restrictions on convicted sex offenders, including registration with law enforcement agencies, community notification provisions, and sexually violent predator designations permitting civil commitment following a prison sentence. This paper uses panel data for the American states for the years 1970–2002 to assess the impact of these policies on the rate at which rapes occur. Our research finds no evidence that our current policies reduce the incidence of rape.     

Alcohol dependence and criminal behavior: preliminary results of an association study of environmental and genetic factors in an italian male population

The aim of this study is to propose an innovative approach evaluating the connection between alcohol use disorders and criminal behavior. The research, structured as a case–control study, was based on the analysis of environmental (social variables) and genetic factors (single nucleotide polymorphisms of glutamic acid decarboxylase) in a population (N = 173) of Italian alcohol‐dependent men. Group 1 (N = 47, convicted subjects) was compared with Group 2 (N = 126, no previous criminal conduct). Grade repetition, work problems, and drug problems were statistically associated with criminal behavior. Having daily family meals together and having children were inversely related to convictions. The genotype distribution of the two groups was similar. The association between environmental factors and antisocial behavior confirms previous findings in the literature. The lack of genetic association does not exclude the role of the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) system in determining antisocial behavior; further studies with larger samples are needed, together with investigation of other components of the GABA pathway.     

单机游戏著作权人合法权益的保护

在司法实务中,计算机软件的著作权人往往采取公证的方式获取侵权证据,文章结合此类诉讼中侵权人的抗辩事由深入探究著作权人在维权活动,特别是办理公证取证过程中应注意的问题,以切实维护计算机软件著作权人的合法权益。     

论视频侦查工作体系的构建

我国视频侦查目前尚处于发展期,一些地方在视频侦查工作体系的构建方面取得了一定的经验,但也有很多问题延续至今,其中许多问题的根源都可以追溯到视频侦查工作体系的构建阶段。视频侦查工作体系的构建是一项庞大而复杂的工程,不仅包括视频监控软硬件系统的建设,还包括视频侦查工作组织机构的划分、工作流程的设计、交流与联动机制的完善以及专业视频图像研判力量的建设等内容。     

PROACTIVE POLICING AND ROBBERY RATES ACROSS U.S. CITIES*

In recent years, criminologists, as well as journalists, have devoted considerable attention to the potential deterrent effect of what is sometimes referred to as “proactive” policing. This policing style entails the vigorous enforcement of laws against relatively minor offenses to prevent more serious crime. The current study examines the effect of proactive policing on robbery rates for a sample of large U.S. cities using an innovative measure developed by Sampson and Cohen (1988). We replicate their cross-sectional analyses using data from 2000 to 2003, which is a period that proactive policing is likely to have become more common than that of the original study—the early 1980s. We also extend their analyses by estimating a more comprehensive regression model that incorporates additional theoretically relevant predictors. Finally, we advance previous research in this area by using panel data, The cross-sectional analyses replicate prior findings of a negative relationship between proactive policing and robbery rates. In addition, our dynamic models suggest that proactive policing is endogenous to changes in robbery rates. When this feedback between robbery and proactive policing is eliminated, we find more evidence to support our finding that proactive policing reduces robbery rates.     

论统一的同步录音录像制度构建——以新《刑事诉讼法》的实施为逻辑起点

从物质保障、社会条件、文化因素以及法制环境等层面分析,统一的同步录音、录像制度建构具有现实可行性.明确同步录音录像制度的适用范围,统一同步录音录像制度的实施主体,创设并严格执行同步录音录像的操作程序和规范,构建同步录音录像制度的监督制约体系是统一的同步录音录像制度建构的可行性路径.     

德国刑事司法实践中证人拒绝作证的新发展——从两个案例出发

中国学界近年一直激烈讨论外国法中的非法证据排除制度,其中包括德国刑事诉讼法中的证据禁止制度。对于德国刑事诉讼法第55条规定的不得自证其罪原则和第52条至第54条规定的拒绝作证权的讨论尤为激烈,纷纷主张在中国建立相应的刑事诉讼制度规范,以保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人和证人的权益。德国法判例表明,违背不得自证其罪原则将导致德国法上的证据使用禁止。另外,德国法庭审判强调直接审理原则,其中调查程序中的笔录不可以作为证据在法庭审判中宣读,甚至对于传闻证据——调查程序中进行审讯的警察和检察官——也不可以作为证人出庭作证。     

从判决差异看加强网络游戏虚拟财产立法保护的必要性

随着网络游戏产业的发展，涉及网络游戏虚拟财产的纠纷日渐增多。目前，尽管大多数学者对网络游戏虚拟财产已持肯定态度，认可其具有财产属性，但在其权利属性问题上仍存在较大分歧。我国无相关立法对其性质作出明确规定，由于缺乏法律的明确约束，很多虚拟财产权利被侵害后，往往投诉无门。加强立法工作，保护网络游戏玩家这一庞大消费群体的合法权益，势在必行，刻不容缓。