孙子战略观与21世纪预防犯罪战略

国际化暴力犯罪目前呈现新特点 ,表现在 :犯罪主体“四位一体”化 ,犯罪手段与局部战争手段相交织 ,犯罪侵害的客体泛化 ,犯罪不受国界、时空局限 ,犯罪手段更加残酷极端。借鉴《孙子兵法》的综合考虑国家安全的战略观 ,构思 2 1世纪国际暴力恐怖犯罪预防战略 ,应包括 :“不战而屈人之兵”的早期预防战略 ,“兵贵胜 ,不贵久”的快速反应战略 ,“威加于敌 ,则其交不得合”、“我专而敌分”的联合作战战略。     

RACE,CODE OF THE STREET,AND VIOLENT DELINQUENCY: A MULTILEVEL INVESTIGATION OF NEIGHBORHOOD STREET CULTURE AND INDIVIDUAL NORMS OF VIOLENCE*

The study outlined in this article drew on Elijah Anderson's (1999) code of the street perspective to examine the impact of neighborhood street culture on violent delinquency. Using data from more than 700 African American adolescents, we examined 1) whether neighborhood street culture predicts adolescent violence above and beyond an adolescent's own street code values and 2) whether neighborhood street culture moderates individual-level street code values on adolescent violence. Consistent with Anderson's hypotheses, neighborhood street culture significantly predicts violent delinquency independent of individual-level street code effects. Additionally, neighborhood street culture moderates individual-level street code values on violence in neighborhoods where the street culture is widespread. In particular, the effect of street code values on violence is enhanced in neighborhoods where the street culture is endorsed widely.     

Violent Crime in the United States of America: A Time-Series Analysis Between 1960–2000

This paper empirically assesses the effects of socio-economic and demographic variables on violent crime in the United States. Using national-level time-series data over the period 1960–2000, an unrestricted vector autoregressive (VAR) model was estimated for overall violent crime, murder, rape and assault. The results indicate that there is no long-run relationship among the examined variables, but significant short-run relationships hold. Imprisonment growth, income inequality, alcohol consumption, and racial composition of the male youth population are shown to influence the short-run behaviour of violent crime.     

Relational Contracts, Repeated Interaction and Contract Modification

The paper uses the theory of repeated games to model relational contracts. It demonstrates that there are cases where it is better to leave a long term contract more incomplete than it needs to be in order to secure optimal renegotiation at every point. In this particular class of contract problems, it may be optimal to allow contract modification even in cases where the buyer could have put the modified terms into the original contract.     

论公共摄像监视——以隐私权为中心

目前，在公共空间实施摄像监视已日益普遍。如何看待公共空间中摄像头“注视”之下的个人隐私权并予以相应保护，我国现有的立法尚未予以足够关注，司法上亦采取较为保守的态度。事实上，个人身处公共空间，亦有其隐私利益存在。因为隐私并不仅仅是他人头脑中关于人们自身信息的某种缺失，而更多的是，人们对于自身信息的控制。摄像头长时间地有计划地有目的地注视，不同于路人偶然无意识的一瞥，它将使人们因此而丧失对自身信息的选择暴露权和控制权，从而导致个人在公共空间的某些隐私利益的丧失。鉴于此，我们认为有必要从立法上和司法上规范公共摄像监视行为，捍卫人们在公共空间中的必要的隐私利益，维护人们在公共空间中的个性正义。     

IN AND OUT OF HARM'S WAY: VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION AND THE SOCIAL CAPITAL OF FICTIVE STREET FAMILIES*

Homeless youth establish a variety of relationships with people they meet on the street. These associations generate different levels of the intangible resources of trust, commitment, and reciprocity that contribute to a person's social capital. We argue that the relationships homeless youth describe as “street families” resemble the fictive kin common among people who have limited resources, and that these relationships are a greater source of social capital than are other associations. Social capital may improve access to many valued outcomes, including protections. Regression analyses of violent victimization support our argument, demonstrating that fictive street families keep youth out of harm's way more than do other street associations.     

Domestic Violence Victims Support Mandatory Reporting: For Others

Five states now have mandatory reporting laws when a victim of domestic violence is identified in a clinical setting, and many other states are considering such legislation. Advocates for battered women have frequently warned that abused women may not wish mandatory reporting laws. Published data derived from the opinions, wishes, and beliefs of women victims of domestic violence have been noticeably lacking. This study presents a preliminary study of 45 abused women. Results indicate that women victims overwhelmingly support mandatory reporting laws. In an apparent paradox, however, they were much less certain that mandatory reporting would have been helpful to them in their specific case.     

Going fifth freedom: fighting the War on Terror in the Splinter Cell: Blacklist video game

Following an aesthetic turn, it has become increasingly permissible to utilise artefacts of popular culture in the study of political phenomena. This practice has been of an increased relevance in the period following the trauma of the September 11th terrorist attacks and the subsequent War on Terror, during which popular culture has played an important role in the provision and reproduction of accessible narratives of warfare and counterterrorism. This article argues that this is evident within military-themed video games, offering a mimetic analysis of the themes of violence, identity and space in Splinter Cell: Blacklist.     

反劫持"以暴制暴"传统处置模式否定论

反劫持“以暴制暴”传统处置模式是与法治社会、生命至上理念和现代文明相悖的。反劫持行动应以外交式、绅士式、慈善式、和缓式的模式来进行,以求得稳中有重、控中有效、放中有收、刚中有柔的终极效果。否定“以暴制暴”传统处置模式的实质是用人性化的谈判方式解除劫持危机,并通过法律程序追惩犯罪。     

视频监控系统在街面侵财型犯罪防控中的应用评估

从技术层面来看,利用视频监控系统的技术防范模式较传统的人力防范模式具有明显的优势.但从应用现状来看,当前视频监控系统的整体应用效果与其初衷目标尚有差距,投入与产出不相匹配,存在着布建不合理,应用低效能等问题.应在充分认识犯罪规律和监控的区域性功能定位基础上,科学合理地布建视频监控系统,采用多种方法提高对视频监控数据的运用能力,最大限度地发挥该系统在街面侵财型犯罪防控中的效能.