暴力型罪犯在改造中的特点及改造对策

近年来,我国暴力犯罪的数量不断增多,给社会稳定和人民群众生命财产安全造成了极大的威胁。监内押犯中暴力型罪犯所占的比例日趋加大,已成为影响监管安全的主要隐患。加强对暴力型罪犯改造特点及对策的研究,对提高改造质量,具有极为重要的意义。     

Sexually violent predators and civil commitment: is selection evidence based?

Sexual offenses represent an alarming proportion of crimes committed yearly. To address these concerns, several states, including South Carolina (SC), have enacted laws requiring sexually violent predators (SVPs) to be civilly committed to treatment. To date, no published study has examined sexual offenders recommended for treatment in SC. This study used a specially designed statewide database (SC-SVP research database) to determine which offender and offense characteristics were associated with increased likelihood of being recommended for civil commitment. Factors correlated with being more likely to be recommended included: being of a younger age at time of evaluation, prior sex convictions, having related and unrelated victims, a higher number of victims, frequent substance use, and a history of suicide attempts. Prior sex convictions, having both related and non-related victims, and a higher total number of victims align with characteristics associated with sexual recidivism. Frequent substance abuse and a history of suicide attempts do not mirror previous findings regarding sexual recidivism. These findings present new information regarding the civil commitment process of offenders being committed to the SC-SVP treatment program, characterize types of offenders committed to SC-SVP treatment program, and provide a foundation for using a computerized database in conducting sex offender research.     

暴力恐怖犯罪案件的侦查讯问对策

暴力恐怖犯罪案件的犯罪嫌疑人讯问难度远远大于其他普通刑事案件，因此，在侦查讯问中。应熟悉案情。掌握犯罪嫌疑人的心理和性格特征；攻心夺气，心战为上；迂回发问、设置圈套；运用模糊概念。促其产生错觉。使其供述障碍向有利于突破上供的方向发展。     

高校暴力犯罪行为分析及预防对策

高校暴力犯罪是由于大学生不能正确对待遭受的重大挫折、模仿学习暴力行为、情感荒漠化和心理能量积聚后本能释放等原因造成的。为此,可建立大学生心理档案,以情绪宣泄等方式提高大学生的挫折承受力,净化社会环境并加大高校暴力犯罪惩罚的力度,陶冶并丰富大学生的情感世界,以预防和减少高校暴力犯罪行为的发生。     

论公共安全视频系统在侦查中的应用

公共安全视频系统具有覆盖面广，重点突出的特点，还具有对监控区域实时反映、客观记录其情况的属性。侦查刑事案件时．可以通过发现和查看犯罪现场周围存在的公共安全视频系统资料挖掘侦查线索、获取犯罪证据，随着案件侦查的推进，结合案件前期信息综合运用．还可以进一步借助涉案区域存在的视频系统发现犯罪嫌疑人的行踪去向，指挥案件侦查活动的实施，这是一种充分利用现实社会资源为侦查工作服务的侦查方法。     

精神障碍者暴力犯罪的防治对策探析

近年来,由精神障碍者实施的暴力犯罪的数量持续上升,对社会的危害日趋严重。精神障碍者之所以实施暴力犯罪,主要是由于三方面的原因:自身的病理原因、法律规定的不完善以及社会因素的作用。与精神正常的行为人相比,精神障碍者实施的暴力犯罪在作案对象、作案的时间地点方式、犯罪后的表现和犯罪动机等方面有其特殊性。针对其原因和特点,笔者认为应该从维护其合法权益、完善立法和预防等方面做防治工作。     

浅谈视频监控技术在现场勘查中的作用

视频监控技术是公安机关打击和防控违法犯罪常用的一种技术手段,在刑事现场勘查中也有着举足轻重的作用。正确运用视频监控技术,可以明确现场勘查取证重点,可以有效采取现场紧急措施,可以快速甄别现场痕迹物证,可以提高侦查实验结果的可靠性。     

THE ECOLOGY OF GANG TERRITORIAL BOUNDARIES*

Within any type of system, the actors in the system inevitably compete over resources. With competition comes the possibility of conflict. To minimize such effects, actors often will partition the system into geographic territories. It is against the larger ecological backdrop of competition and conflict that we examine territory formation among urban street gangs. Although previous studies have examined the social and built environment where gangs form, and how the presence of a gang influences local levels of violence, we know little about how competitive interactions are tied to the formation and maintenance of gang territories. We use formal spatial Lotka–Volterra competition models to derive hypotheses about competition‐driven territory formation. By using data on 563 between‐gang shootings, involving 13 rival street gangs in the Hollenbeck Policing Division of Los Angeles, we show that violence strongly clusters along the boundaries between gangs in a way that is quantitatively predicted by the theory. The results suggest that even weak competitive interactions between gangs are sufficient to drive gang territory formation without recourse to other processes or assumptions.     

LET'S GO TO THE VIDEOTAPE: WHY THE FORENSIC INTERVIEWS OF CHILDREN IN CHILD PROTECTIVE CASES SHOULD BE VIDEO RECORDED*

Child sexual abuse is often difficult to prove due to a lack of physical evidence. In many instances, the only evidence is a child's statement given during a forensic interview. Forensic interviews are conducted to assess whether the child has been abused, to develop a plan to protect a child's safety pending trial, and to provide further investigative leads. Note taking by the interviewer is currently the primary method for documenting what takes place in a forensic interview. Research shows that this form of documentation is problematic because interviewers tend to omit abuse‐related details in their notes. This Note suggests that federal law should require that forensic interviews of children in child sexual abuse cases be video recorded. State law can provide for a policy of video recording even in the absence of a federal law mandate. Video recording would better preserve the child's statements thereby improving the reliability of the information that is obtained during forensic interviews. The child's demeanor would also be fully captured on video as opposed to getting lost in an interviewer's notes.     

论全程录音录像制度的科学构建

全程录音录像制度对于规范执法行为,保障犯罪嫌疑人基本权利,促进司法公正具有重要意义。全程录音录像不是单纯意义上的技术性措施,其构建应当放在整个刑事诉讼架构中进行,辅以必要的配套措施,明确违反全程录音录像规定的制裁性后果,合力形成完整的制度体系。在当前的社会发展条件下,全程录音录像制度的构建尚难以“一步到位”,仍需循序渐进推行,并在主客观条件具备之时全面实施,切实发挥制度的应有功能。