Child abuse: practical application of autopsy, radiological, and microscopic studies

A 17-month-old male infant died at home. The infant's right arm was immobilized because of a humeral fracture 1 month earlier. The circumstances of death appeared unclear to the police investigators and a medicolegal autopsy was carried out. External examination revealed diffuse ecchymoses of varying color. Postmortem imaging was performed prior to autopsy (X-rays, multislice computed tomography [MSCT], and focused brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]). These investigations revealed four rib fractures of varying ages, one of which was posterior. Cerebral and pericerebral traumatic lesions were also diagnosed: bilateral subdural hematomas, intraventricular, meningeal, and interpedoncular hemorrhages. In the abdomen, fresh blood was visible within the anterior abdominal wall and the mesenteric root. Autopsy and microscopic study confirmed these lesions. This case report illustrates the valuable assistance rendered by MSCT and MRI to diagnose abuse when a child has died in unclear circumstances.     

Comamonas testosteroni meningitis in a homeless man

We report a case of meningitis caused by Comamonas testosteroni in a 54-year-old, alcoholic, homeless man. He, as a pedestrian, was struck by a car and suffered multiple fractures of the facial bones including the left frontal sinus. Over the course of 2-week hospitalization, he was clinically diagnosed with multiple cerebral and cerebellar infarcts resulting in altered mental status. He was pronounced dead 15 days after the injury. At the time of autopsy, diffuse purulent meningitis was found on gross examination. A swab culture of the brain surface was positive for C. Testosteroni, a saprophytic organism commonly found in soil and water. This is the first reported case of fatal meningitis caused by this micro-organism.     

论网络空间的虚拟生存

随着互联网的崛起,体现数字化生存特征的网络“连线”居民———赛博族(Cybernation)也随之诞生。作为生活于网络空间的后现代主体,赛博族的生存状态具有虚拟性、身体不在场、超越时空限制、拟像化等多重特征。     

VRML场景的优化策略

随着VRML应用的深入,VRML场景也变得越来越复杂了。如果VRML设计不当,就会影响浏览用户与VRML场景的交互与使用。本文以基于Web浏览器的网上数字逻辑电路虚拟实验室为例,从两方面着手提出解决问题的办法。     

罪犯自杀发生后的心理干预

狱内罪犯的自杀是严重影响监管安全的恶性事件,并可以引发一系列负面的连锁反应。从心理学干预的角度出发,对狱内自杀事件的后续处置工作,主要应采取发现罪犯自杀迹象时的心理学干预方法,自杀事件（已遂或未遂）发生后对自杀未遂者、周围的工作人员及其他罪犯的心理学干预方法。     

Evaluation and applicability of Alere iCup DX 14 for rapid postmortem urine drug screening at autopsy

Performing point‐of‐care urine drug screen testing at autopsy by a forensic pathologist may provide an early indication of the presence of analytes of interest during autopsy. An evaluation for the screening of 14 classes of common drugs of abuse in postmortem urine by the point‐of‐care screening device, Alere iCup DX 14, is presented. One hundred ninety postmortem urine samples were screened with the iCup occurring at autopsy by the forensic pathologist. Positive and negative results obtained from the screening kit were evaluated against confirmatory test results obtained using routine forensic toxicology analyses that employed LC‐MS/MS and GC‐MS to detect a combination of over 85 common drugs of abuse and medications. Sensitivity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 66% (buprenorphine) to 100% (methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). Specificity for each respective iCup drug class ranged from 89% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone). Positive predictive values ranged from 44% (benzodiazepines) to 100% (amphetamines, barbiturates, buprenorphine, methylenedioxymethamphetamine, methadone), while negative predictive values ranged from 96% (methamphetamine) to 100% (barbiturates, methadone, tricyclic antidepressants). A high false‐positive rate was yielded by the benzodiazepine class. The lack of fentanyl screening in the point‐of‐care device is a significant limitation considering its prolific prevalence in forensic casework. The results obtained in the study should be acknowledged when considering the use of the Alere iCup DX 14 in the context of postmortem casework to help indicate potential drug use contemporaneously with autopsy and when requiring such preliminary results prior to the release of a final forensic toxicology report.     

Homicide by unusual‐edged weapons: Forensic considerations of two cases

Homicide by stab wound is common worldwide. However, the use of unusual edged weapons is rarely reported in the forensic literature. Here, we report two cases of homicide involving a Japanese sword, or katana, and a sickle. Both of these weapons can create either stab or incised wounds with some particularities. In our cases, characteristics of the external wounds, internal injuries, and the depth of penetration raised the possibility of an unusual weapon. Meticulous forensic examination of these injuries (morphological characteristics, depth of penetration, trajectories, and cut marks in the bone) may allow the forensic expert to determine the type of weapon used.     

论虚拟社区警务

社区的区域性特征正在趋于消弭,“共同体”才是社区研究的依托点,虚拟社区是社区发展的新阶段,虚拟社区的管理是现代社区建设的关键。传统的社区警备模式已经遇到了自身难以逾越的障碍,而虚拟社区警务是社区警备发展的新阶段,是社区警备的一种颠覆抑或补足。虚拟社区警备的实践在我国虽已悄然实施,但依然处在实质上的零谋划、零组织、零警力的阶段。亟需在理论和实践方面予以创新性的突破。     

网络虚拟财产正当性辨析

随着网络虚拟财产纠纷的不断出现,为网络虚拟财产寻求正当性解释成为虚拟财产法律保护的当务之急。文章从哲学、经济学、伦理以及实践方面全面论证了网络虚拟财产的正当性,以期为网络虚拟财产的法律保护提供合理性解释。     

论网络虚拟财产的侵权责任保护——以用户和运营商的法律关系为视角

网络虚拟财产是随着计算机、网络技术的发展而出现的概念.因现行法律并无关于虚拟财产的具体规定,因此,用户的虚拟财产一旦受到侵害则较难得到补偿.注册协议是运营商制作的格式合同,所以在用户与网络服务运营商发生纠纷的过程中,用户往往处于弱势地位,通过追究运营商的违约责任来弥补用户的损失比较困难,而选择追究运营商的侵权责任则具有一定的优越性.